Chapter 9 Energy transformation and metabolism

Question 1

Potential energy

Answer 1

Energy stored in food in the form of chemical bonds.

Question 2

Kinetic energy

Answer 2

The energy of motion

Question 3

Chemical bonds

Answer 3

A bond between atoms, ions, or molecules that holds chemical compounds together.

Question 4

Energy Transfer

Answer 4

The movement or conversion of energy through breaking and reforming of bonds.

Question 5

Metabolism

Answer 5

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body that sustain life.

Question 6

Thermodynamics

Answer 6

The relationships between forms of energy.

Question 7

Energy balance

Answer 7

The relationship between energy in from food and energy out from metabolism and movement

Question 8

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 8

The energy currency of cells.

Question 9

Hepatocytes

Answer 9

Liver cells

Question 10

Myocytes

Answer 10

Muscle cells

Question 11

Adenosine

Answer 11

A molecule found throughout the body that aids in cellular energy transfer by forming other molecules ATP and ADP.

Question 12

Phosphate

Answer 12

A chemical building block of ATP as well as other cell membranes and DNA.

Question 13

Covalent bonds

Answer 13

A chemical bond with shared electron pairs between atoms.

Question 14

Adenosine Diphosphate ADP

Answer 14

The chemical byproduct after breaking one adenosine phosphate bond from ATP.

Question 15

Energy system

Answer 15

A biological system that converts stored energy into forms we can use.

Question 16

ATP-PCR system.

Answer 16

The first of the three primary energy systems to kick in under an intense energy demand; creates more ATP from ADP and P, using creating kinase.

Question 17

Glycolic pathway ( glycolysis)

Answer 17

The second of three primary energy systems to take over with an intense energy demand: creates more ATP from glycogen, blood glucose, and glycerol.

Question 18

Oxidative phosphorus pathway

Answer 18

The third of the three primary energy systems, provides slow energy over long periods; aka Kreisler cycle and electron transport chain pathway’s combined.

Question 19

Creative Kinase

Answer 19

An enzyme involved in the process of breaking down phosphocreatine (PCr ) to make more ATP.

Question 20

Creative (Cr).

Answer 20

A compound needed to quickly make more ATP under intense energy demand.

Question 21

Phosphocreatine

Answer 21

A compound made from creating and phosphate.

Question 22

Hydrogen ion.

Answer 22

A particle of hydrogen with an electrical charge; a byproduct of glycolysis that makes muscles acidic, creating the muscle burn feeling during intense exercise.

Question 23

Gluconegenesis

Answer 23

The process of creating glucose from non carbohydrate sources.

Question 24

Glycogenesis.

Answer 24

The creation of glycogen from glucose.

Question 25

Glucose Transporter.

Answer 25

A carrier protein that transports glucose into cells.

Question 26

Glycogen synthase

Answer 26

An enzyme involved in converting glucose into glycogen.

Question 27

Epinephrine

Answer 27

A hormone released primarily from the adrenal gland that responds to stress and intense exercise, helping to mobilize carbohydrates for quick fight or flight energy aka adrenaline.

Question 28

Norepinephrine

Answer 28

Aka noradrenaline, a hormone with a similar function to epinephrine.

Question 29

Glycogenolysis.

Answer 29

Glycogen breakdown.

Question 30

Glycogen phosphorylase.

Answer 30

An enzyme involved in the breakdown of glycogen.

Question 31

Glucose 6 phosphate.

Answer 31

A compound created from the process of glycogenolysis that’s used to generate ATP.

Question 32

Alpha cells.

Answer 32

Specialized endocrine cells of the pancreas that release glucagon.

Question 33

Adrenaline gland

Answer 33

Endocrine gland that sits above the kidney and produces many hormones, including epinephrine/norepinephrine and corticosteroids.

Question 34

Energy pathways

Answer 34

Chemical reactions by which our body transfers stored energy.

Question 35

Pyruvate

Answer 35

A compound produced from the breakdown of glucose, can be used for gluconeogenis

Question 36

Lactate

Answer 36

A byproduct produced mainly during intense exercise and the breakdown of pyruvate.

Question 37

Ergogenic

Answer 37

Performance enhancing

Question 38

Lipolysis

Answer 38

The breakdown of fats into fatty acids.

Question 39

Hormone sensitive lipase(HSL).

Answer 39

An enzyme needed for lipolysis.