Chapter 10 Energy Balance Flashcards
Energy balance
The relationship between energy taken in from food and energy expended through metabolism and activity
Joules.
A measure of energy
Bomb calorimeter .
A lab tool used to precisely measure calories in food by heat energy produced through combusting food.
Indirect calorimetry .
A way of measuring metabolic rate based on oxygen consumption.
Direct calorimetry.
A more precise measurement technique used to quantify metabolic rate through direct measure of body heat.
Predictive equations.
Equations used to estimate a likely metabolic rate without direct measurement.
Clostridium difficile .
A bacterium that causes a range of intestinal illnesses potentially deadly if unchecked.
Neuroendocrine.
Interconnected feedback loops beta the nervous and endocrine systems.
Leptin resistance.
When the body don’t respond properly to high Leptin and we stay hungry.
Cranial nerves.
Nerves that govern the head face and neck.
Vagus nerve .
The nerve that governs the head, face, neck, and internal organs.
Executive system.
A brain system involved in higher order information processing and organization.
Energy density.
Energy per amount of food.
Hyper palatable.
Foods that’s cravable stimulating and extremely tasty.
Food reward.
Pleasure from food that can cause us to want or eat more than we need physiologically.
Basal metabolic rate. (BMR)
The minimum level of energy we need to use to maintain vital functions of the body.
Resting metabolic rate. (RMR).
The amount of energy we need while at rest.
Thermogenesis.
Heat production.
Adaptive thermogenesis.
When excess energy is released as heat or movement rather than just stored as body fat.
Thermic effect of food ( TEF).
The increase in metabolic rate and heat production from the processes of digestion and absorption.
Non exercise activity (NEAT).
Daily life movement that isn’t exercise.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
A collection of inflammation based disorders of the small and large intestine.
NAD+/NADH.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotude, used as a co enzyme in metabolic reactions in either NAD or NADH forms.
Choline.
A compound involved in synthesizing and transporting lipids.
Energy flux (G Flux).
The flux of energy in and out of the body, how rapidly energy is converted to metabolic activity.
Nutrient partitioning.
How and where nutrients are stored or used eg for fat storage, lean mass maintenance or repair.
Myofibrillar Hypertrophy.
Increasing muscle size and or density by making more contractile proteins ( actin, and myosin).
Sarcoplasmic hypertrophy.
Increasing muscle size and/ or density by increasing fluid and fuel storage in the muscle cells.
Myoglobin.
A protein containing heme ( similar to hemoglobin) which carries and stores oxygen in muscle cells.
Intramuscular triglyceride.
Fat stored in muscle.
GnRH.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone.
LH.
Luteinizing Hormone.
