Chapter 10 Energy Balance

Question 1

Energy balance

Answer 1

The relationship between energy taken in from food and energy expended through metabolism and activity

Question 2

Joules.

Answer 2

A measure of energy

Question 3

Bomb calorimeter .

Answer 3

A lab tool used to precisely measure calories in food by heat energy produced through combusting food.

Question 4

Indirect calorimetry .

Answer 4

A way of measuring metabolic rate based on oxygen consumption.

Question 5

Direct calorimetry.

Answer 5

A more precise measurement technique used to quantify metabolic rate through direct measure of body heat.

Question 6

Predictive equations.

Answer 6

Equations used to estimate a likely metabolic rate without direct measurement.

Question 7

Clostridium difficile .

Answer 7

A bacterium that causes a range of intestinal illnesses potentially deadly if unchecked.

Question 8

Neuroendocrine.

Answer 8

Interconnected feedback loops beta the nervous and endocrine systems.

Question 9

Leptin resistance.

Answer 9

When the body don’t respond properly to high Leptin and we stay hungry.

Question 10

Cranial nerves.

Answer 10

Nerves that govern the head face and neck.

Question 11

Vagus nerve .

Answer 11

The nerve that governs the head, face, neck, and internal organs.

Question 12

Executive system.

Answer 12

A brain system involved in higher order information processing and organization.

Question 13

Energy density.

Answer 13

Energy per amount of food.

Question 14

Hyper palatable.

Answer 14

Foods that’s cravable stimulating and extremely tasty.

Question 15

Food reward.

Answer 15

Pleasure from food that can cause us to want or eat more than we need physiologically.

Question 16

Basal metabolic rate. (BMR)

Answer 16

The minimum level of energy we need to use to maintain vital functions of the body.

Question 17

Resting metabolic rate. (RMR).

Answer 17

The amount of energy we need while at rest.

Question 18

Thermogenesis.

Answer 18

Heat production.

Question 19

Adaptive thermogenesis.

Answer 19

When excess energy is released as heat or movement rather than just stored as body fat.

Question 20

Thermic effect of food ( TEF).

Answer 20

The increase in metabolic rate and heat production from the processes of digestion and absorption.

Question 21

Non exercise activity (NEAT).

Answer 21

Daily life movement that isn’t exercise.

Question 22

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Answer 22

A collection of inflammation based disorders of the small and large intestine.

Question 23

NAD+/NADH.

Answer 23

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotude, used as a co enzyme in metabolic reactions in either NAD or NADH forms.

Question 24

Choline.

Answer 24

A compound involved in synthesizing and transporting lipids.

Question 25

Energy flux (G Flux).

Answer 25

The flux of energy in and out of the body, how rapidly energy is converted to metabolic activity.

Question 26

Nutrient partitioning.

Answer 26

How and where nutrients are stored or used eg for fat storage, lean mass maintenance or repair.

Question 27

Myofibrillar Hypertrophy.

Answer 27

Increasing muscle size and or density by making more contractile proteins ( actin, and myosin).

Question 28

Sarcoplasmic hypertrophy.

Answer 28

Increasing muscle size and/ or density by increasing fluid and fuel storage in the muscle cells.

Question 29

Myoglobin.

Answer 29

A protein containing heme ( similar to hemoglobin) which carries and stores oxygen in muscle cells.

Question 30

Intramuscular triglyceride.

Answer 30

Fat stored in muscle.

Question 31

GnRH.

Answer 31

Gonadotropin releasing hormone.

Question 32

LH.

Answer 32

Luteinizing Hormone.