Chapter 11 Macronutrients

Question 1

Macronutrient split.

Answer 1

The percentage of energy in a diet contributed by fat protein and or carbohydrate.

Question 2

Amino.

Answer 2

A nitrogen hydrogen compound with the chemical formula NH2

Question 3

Nitrogen.

Answer 3

One of the fundamental elements in the body.

Question 4

Carboxyl group

Answer 4

An acidic compound with carbon, two oxygens and a hydrogen

Question 5

Branched chain amino acids BCAAs.

Answer 5

Amino acids with a branched molecular structure.

Question 6

Polypeptides.

Answer 6

A complex structure made of multiple peptides forming a protein molecule.

Question 7

Peptide bonds.

Answer 7

Bonds that hold peptides and proteins together.

Question 8

Pro enzymes.

Answer 8

Normally inactive substances that must be activated by other enzymes and chemicals.

Question 9

Urea.

Answer 9

Nitrogen based waste product from protein breakdown. Excreted in urine.

Question 10

Conditionally essential amino acids.

Answer 10

Amino acids that we can make ourselves, but not always effectively particularly when we’re under physical stress.

Question 11

Phenylketonuria (PKU).

Answer 11

An inherited metabolic disease that causes a build up of the amino phenylalanine.

Question 12

Homocysteine.

Answer 12

An inherited metabolic disease that causes a build up of homocysteine and its metabolites.

Question 13

Hydrocarbon.

Answer 13

A compound of hydrogen and carbon bonded together.

Question 14

Corticosteroid hormones.

Answer 14

A group of steroid hormones that includes the glucocorticoids involved in blood sugar regulation and mineralocorticoids involved in regulation of mineral and fluid levels.

Question 15

Fat soluble vitamins.

Answer 15

Vitamins that cannot dissolve in water.

Question 16

Linoleic acid.

Answer 16

An essential omega 3 fatty acid that cannot be made in the body.

Question 17

Glucocorticoid.

Answer 17

A type of hormone involved in blood sugar.

Question 18

Cortisol.

Answer 18

A major stress response and steroid hormone that regulates a wide range of vital body processes.

Question 19

Meta analysis.

Answer 19

A type of study that analyses many studies simultaneously.

Question 20

Eicosanoids .

Answer 20

Signaling molecules that help regulate processes such as immunity or inflammation.

Question 21

Anti inflammatory.

Answer 21

Substances that lower or prevent inflammation.

Question 22

Ions.

Answer 22

Particles of an element with an electrical charge.

Question 23

Hydrogenation.

Answer 23

Adding hydrogen ions to unsaturated fatty acid to artificially saturate the molecules.

Question 24

Gras generally recognized as safe.

Answer 24

A designation given by the United States food administration to food.

Question 25

Conjugated linoleic acid CLA.

Answer 25

A naturally occurring trans fat that doesn’t seem to harm humans.

Question 26

Monosaccharide.

Answer 26

A simple carbohydrate molecule with one ring . One sugar.

Question 27

Disaccharide.

Answer 27

A simple carbohydrate molecule with two rings . Two sugars.

Question 28

Oligosaccharides .

Answer 28

A simple carbohydrate molecule with a few rings . A few sugars.

Question 29

Amylose.

Answer 29

One of the two main forms of starch, has a long chain structure.

Question 30

Amylopectin.

Answer 30

One of the two main forms of starch; has a branched chain structure.

Question 31

Glycosidic bonds.

Answer 31

A bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule.

Question 32

Salivary amylases.

Answer 32

Enzymes in saliva that break down carbohydrates in the mouth.

Question 33

Hydrolyze.

Answer 33

A process of chemical breakdown.

Question 34

Galactose.

Answer 34

A simple sugar monosaccharide.

Question 35

Glycemic index. GI.

Answer 35

A measure of how quickly and significantly a given food can raise our blood sugar.

Question 36

Glycemic load. GL.

Answer 36

An alternative measure to glycemic index. GI, Based on the GI multiplied by the serving size of the food.

Question 37

Insulin index. 11

Answer 37

A measure of the amount of insulin the body produces in response to a particular food.

Question 38

Foodmap.

Answer 38

A group of carbohydrates fermentable oligo- dimono- saccharides and polyols that can cause digestive problems in some people.

Question 39

Acetate.

Answer 39

A type of short chain fatty acid SCFA produced by gut bacteria and involved in metabolic processes.

Question 40

Butyrate.

Answer 40

A type of chain fatty acid SCFA produced by gut bacteria and involved in metabolic processes

Question 41

Propionate.

Answer 41

A type of short chain fatty acid SCFA produced by gut bacteria and involved in metabolic processes.

Question 42

Enterohepatic recycling.

Answer 42

The interconnected process of substances being produced or metabolized by the liver, excreted via bile into the intestines and then reabsorbed through the intestine.

Question 43

Resistance starch.

Answer 43

A type of starch that resists digestion and acts like fiber.