Chapter 9 - Energy Metabolism Flashcards
chemical processes in the body that provide energy in useful forms and sustain vital activities
metabolism
series of chemical reactions occurring in a cell, such as glycolysis, beta-oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and the ETC
metabolic pathway
pathways that use small, simple compounds to build larger, more complex compounds
anabolic
type of pathways that break down large compounds into smaller compounds - energy is usually released
catabolic
key players in energy metabolism
niacin and riboflavin
oxidation of food molecules resulting in the eventual release of energy, CO2, and water
cellular respiration
requiring oxygen
aerobic
not requiring oxygen
anaerobic
aerobic respiration of a single molecule of glucose will result in a net gain of ____ ATP
30 to 32
the anaerobic metabolism of a single molecules of glucose is limited to a net gain of ____ ATP
2 ATP
glycolysis occurs in the ___ of a cell
cytosol
when glucose is oxidized to form 2 pyruvate molecules, NADH + H, and generates a net of 2 molecules of ATP
glycolysis
net yield of ATP for glycolysis
2 ATP in, 4 ATP out
Net = 2 ATP
where the transition reaction occurs
mitochondria
pyruvate is converted into
acetyl CoA
CO2 is a waste product of this
transition reaction
series of chemical reactions that cells use to convert the carbons of the acetyl group to CO2 while harvesting energy to produce ATP
citric acid cycle
it takes ___ turns of the citric acid cycle to process 1 glucose molecule
2 turns
each turn of the citric acid cycle produces
- 2 CO2
- 1 potential ATP
- 3 NADH + H
- 1 FADH2
the electron transport chain is (aerobic/anaerobic)
aerobic - requires oxygen
the electron transport chain occurs in the
mitochondria
process by which energy derived from the oxidation of NADH+H and FADH2 is transferred to ADP+P to form ATP
oxidative phosphorylation
breakdown of triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids
lipolysis
breakdown of fatty acids into compounds that enter the citric acid cycle
fatty acid oxidation
incomplete breakdown products of fat, containing 3 or 4 carbons
ketone bodies
condition of having a high concentration of ketone bodies and related breakdown products in the bloodstream and tissues
ketosis
inadequate insulin production to balance glucagon in the body leads to
ketone bodies
primary gluconeogenic organ
liver
metabolizes about 90% of alcohol
alcohol dehydrogenase pathway (ADH)
fat consumed in excess of need goes immediately into storage in
adipose cells
carbohydrates consumed in excess of needs is used
to maximize glycogen stores
