Chapter 9 - Energy Metabolism

Question 1

chemical processes in the body that provide energy in useful forms and sustain vital activities

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

series of chemical reactions occurring in a cell, such as glycolysis, beta-oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and the ETC

Answer 2

metabolic pathway

Question 3

pathways that use small, simple compounds to build larger, more complex compounds

Answer 3

anabolic

Question 4

type of pathways that break down large compounds into smaller compounds - energy is usually released

Answer 4

catabolic

Question 5

key players in energy metabolism

Answer 5

niacin and riboflavin

Question 6

oxidation of food molecules resulting in the eventual release of energy, CO2, and water

Answer 6

cellular respiration

Question 7

requiring oxygen

Answer 7

aerobic

Question 8

not requiring oxygen

Answer 8

anaerobic

Question 9

aerobic respiration of a single molecule of glucose will result in a net gain of ____ ATP

Answer 9

30 to 32

Question 10

the anaerobic metabolism of a single molecules of glucose is limited to a net gain of ____ ATP

Answer 10

2 ATP

Question 11

glycolysis occurs in the ___ of a cell

Answer 11

cytosol

Question 12

when glucose is oxidized to form 2 pyruvate molecules, NADH + H, and generates a net of 2 molecules of ATP

Answer 12

glycolysis

Question 13

net yield of ATP for glycolysis

Answer 13

2 ATP in, 4 ATP out
Net = 2 ATP

Question 14

where the transition reaction occurs

Answer 14

mitochondria

Question 15

pyruvate is converted into

Answer 15

acetyl CoA

Question 16

CO2 is a waste product of this

Answer 16

transition reaction

Question 17

series of chemical reactions that cells use to convert the carbons of the acetyl group to CO2 while harvesting energy to produce ATP

Answer 17

citric acid cycle

Question 18

it takes ___ turns of the citric acid cycle to process 1 glucose molecule

Answer 18

2 turns

Question 19

each turn of the citric acid cycle produces

Answer 19

• 2 CO2
• 1 potential ATP
• 3 NADH + H
• 1 FADH2

Question 20

the electron transport chain is (aerobic/anaerobic)

Answer 20

aerobic - requires oxygen

Question 21

the electron transport chain occurs in the

Answer 21

mitochondria

Question 22

process by which energy derived from the oxidation of NADH+H and FADH2 is transferred to ADP+P to form ATP

Answer 22

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 23

breakdown of triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids

Answer 23

lipolysis

Question 24

breakdown of fatty acids into compounds that enter the citric acid cycle

Answer 24

fatty acid oxidation

Question 25

incomplete breakdown products of fat, containing 3 or 4 carbons

Answer 25

ketone bodies

Question 26

condition of having a high concentration of ketone bodies and related breakdown products in the bloodstream and tissues

Answer 26

ketosis

Question 27

inadequate insulin production to balance glucagon in the body leads to

Answer 27

ketone bodies

Question 28

primary gluconeogenic organ

Answer 28

liver

Question 29

metabolizes about 90% of alcohol

Answer 29

alcohol dehydrogenase pathway (ADH)

Question 30

fat consumed in excess of need goes immediately into storage in

Answer 30

adipose cells

Question 31

carbohydrates consumed in excess of needs is used

Answer 31

to maximize glycogen stores