Chapter 12 - Vitamins and Minerals

Question 1

vision in dim light and color vision

Answer 1

vitamin A

Question 2

poor growth, night blindness, dry skin

Answer 2

vitamin A deficiency

Question 3

liver, fortified milk, red/orange/dark green/yellow vegetables

Answer 3

vitamin A food sources

Question 4

maintenance of calcium and phosphorus concentrations, immune function, cell cycle regulation

Answer 4

vitamin D

Question 5

rickets in children, osteomalacia in older adults

Answer 5

vitamin D deficiency

Question 6

fortified milk, fish oils, oily fish

Answer 6

Vitamin D food sources

Question 7

antioxidant, prevention of free radical damage

Answer 7

vitamin E

Question 8

hemolysis of red blood cells, degeneration of sensory neurons

Answer 8

vitamin E deficiency

Question 9

plant oils, seeds, nuts, products made from oils

Answer 9

vitamin E

Question 10

synthesis of blood clotting factors and bone proteins

Answer 10

vitamin K

Question 11

hemorrhage due to poor blood clotting

Answer 11

vitamin K deficiency

Question 12

green vegetables, synthesis by intestinal microorganisms

Answer 12

vitamin K sources

Question 13

coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism and energy release

Answer 13

thiamin

Question 14

beriberi: anorexia, weight loss, weakness
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 14

thiamin deficiency

Question 15

pork and pork products, enriched and whole grain cereals

Answer 15

thiamin sources

Question 16

coenzyme in numerous oxidation-reduction reactions

Answer 16

riboflavin

Question 17

inflammation of mouth and tongue, cracks at corner of the mouth

Answer 17

riboflavin deficiency

Question 18

milk and milk products, mushrooms, eggs, liver (B vitamin)

Answer 18

riboflavin food sources

Question 19

coenzyme in numerous oxidation reactions in energy metabolism - synthesis and breakdown of fatty acids

Answer 19

niacin

Question 20

pellagra: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia (death)

Answer 20

niacin deficiency

Question 21

meat, poultry, fish, enriched and whole grain breads and cereals

Answer 21

niacin food sources

Question 22

coenzyme in energy metabolism and fatty acid synthesis

Answer 22

pantothenic acid

Question 23

weakness, fatigue, impaired muscle function, GI tract disturbances

Answer 23

pantothenic acid deficiency

Question 24

cofactor for carboxylase enzymes that participate in fatty acid, amino acid, and energy metabolism

Answer 24

biotin

Question 25

dermatitis, conjunctivitis, hair loss, nervous system abnormalities

Answer 25

biotin deficiency

Question 26

nuts, seeds, fish, whole grains

Answer 26

biotin food sources

Question 27

coenzymes in amino acid metabolism, heme synthesis, and lipid metabolism

Answer 27

vitamin B6

Question 28

dermatitis, anemia, convulsions, depression, confusion

Answer 28

vitamin B6 deficiency

Question 29

animal protein foods, potatoes, bananas, legumes

Answer 29

vitamin B6 food sources

Question 30

coenzyme in DNA synthesis, homocysteine metabolism

Answer 30

folate

Question 31

megaloblastic anemia, birth defects

Answer 31

folate deficiency

Question 32

green vegetables, liver, enriched cereal products, legumes

Answer 32

folate food sources

Question 33

coenzyme affecting folate metabolism, homocysteine metabolism

Answer 33

vitamin B12

Question 34

megaloblastic anemia, paresthesia, pernicious anemia

Answer 34

vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 35

animal foods, fortified ready to each breakfast cereals

Answer 35

vitamin B12 food sources

Question 36

collagen synthesis, some antioxidant capability, hormone and neurotransmitter synthesis

Answer 36

vitamin C

Question 37

scurvy: poor wound healing, pinpoint hemorrhages, bleeding gums

Answer 37

vitamin C deficiency

Question 38

citrus fruits, papayas, strawberries, broccoli

Answer 38

vitamin C food sources

Question 39

precursor for acetylcholine and phospholipids

Answer 39

choline

Question 40

fatty liver, muscle damage

Answer 40

choline deficiency

Question 41

eggs, meat, fish, milk, wheat germ

Answer 41

choline food sources

Question 42

vitamins consumed in food must be absorbed efficiently from the ________ to meet body needs

Answer 42

small intestine

Question 43

fat soluble vitamins are absorbed along with

Answer 43

dietary fat

Question 44

compound that combines with an inactive protein to form a catalytically active enzyme

Answer 44

coenzyme

Question 45

fat soluble vitamins (are/are not) readily excreted form the body

Answer 45

are not

Question 46

major positive ion of the extracellular fluid, aids nerve impulse and muscle contraction

Answer 46

sodium

Question 47

table salt, processed foods, condiments, sauces

Answer 47

sodium food sources

Question 48

muscle cramps, headache, nausea, vomiting, fatigue

Answer 48

sodium deficiency

Question 49

major positive ion of intracellular fluid, aids nerve impulse, transmission, muscle contraction, water balance

Answer 49

potassium

Question 50

potato, squash, bananas, orange juice

Answer 50

potassium food sources

Question 51

irregular heartbeat, loss of appetite, muscle cramps, increased risk of hypertension

Answer 51

potassium deficiency

Question 52

major negative ion of extracellular fluid, participates in acid production in stomach

Answer 52

chloride

Question 53

table salt, some vegetables, processed foods

Answer 53

chloride food sources

Question 54

convulsion in infants

Answer 54

chloride deficiency

Question 55

bone and tooth structure, blood clotting, aids in nerve impulse transmission

Answer 55

calcium

Question 56

milk and milk products, canned fish, leafy vegetables, tofu

Answer 56

calcium food sources

Question 57

increased risk of osteoporosis

Answer 57

calcium deficiency

Question 58

major ion in intracellular fluid, bone and tooth strength, part of ATP and other metabolic components

Answer 58

phosphorus

Question 59

milk and milk products, processed foods, fish, soft drinks, bakery products

Answer 59

phosphorus

Question 60

possibility of poor bone maintenance

Answer 60

phosphorus deficiency

Question 61

bone formation, aids enzyme function, aids nerve and heart function

Answer 61

magnesium

Question 62

wheat bran, green vegetables, nuts, chocolate, legumes

Answer 62

magnesium food sources

Question 63

weakness, muscle pain, poor heart function, seizures

Answer 63

magnesium deficiency

Question 64

part of vitamins and amino acids, aids in drug detoxification, acid-base balance

Answer 64

sulfur

Question 65

protein foods

Answer 65

sulfur food source