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NTDT 200 > Chapter 12 - Vitamins and Minerals > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

vision in dim light and color vision

A

vitamin A

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2
Q

poor growth, night blindness, dry skin

A

vitamin A deficiency

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3
Q

liver, fortified milk, red/orange/dark green/yellow vegetables

A

vitamin A food sources

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4
Q

maintenance of calcium and phosphorus concentrations, immune function, cell cycle regulation

A

vitamin D

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5
Q

rickets in children, osteomalacia in older adults

A

vitamin D deficiency

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6
Q

fortified milk, fish oils, oily fish

A

Vitamin D food sources

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7
Q

antioxidant, prevention of free radical damage

A

vitamin E

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8
Q

hemolysis of red blood cells, degeneration of sensory neurons

A

vitamin E deficiency

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9
Q

plant oils, seeds, nuts, products made from oils

A

vitamin E

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10
Q

synthesis of blood clotting factors and bone proteins

A

vitamin K

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11
Q

hemorrhage due to poor blood clotting

A

vitamin K deficiency

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12
Q

green vegetables, synthesis by intestinal microorganisms

A

vitamin K sources

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13
Q

coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism and energy release

A

thiamin

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14
Q

beriberi: anorexia, weight loss, weakness
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A

thiamin deficiency

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15
Q

pork and pork products, enriched and whole grain cereals

A

thiamin sources

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16
Q

coenzyme in numerous oxidation-reduction reactions

A

riboflavin

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17
Q

inflammation of mouth and tongue, cracks at corner of the mouth

A

riboflavin deficiency

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18
Q

milk and milk products, mushrooms, eggs, liver (B vitamin)

A

riboflavin food sources

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19
Q

coenzyme in numerous oxidation reactions in energy metabolism - synthesis and breakdown of fatty acids

A

niacin

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20
Q

pellagra: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia (death)

A

niacin deficiency

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21
Q

meat, poultry, fish, enriched and whole grain breads and cereals

A

niacin food sources

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22
Q

coenzyme in energy metabolism and fatty acid synthesis

A

pantothenic acid

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23
Q

weakness, fatigue, impaired muscle function, GI tract disturbances

A

pantothenic acid deficiency

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24
Q

cofactor for carboxylase enzymes that participate in fatty acid, amino acid, and energy metabolism

A

biotin

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25
Q

dermatitis, conjunctivitis, hair loss, nervous system abnormalities

A

biotin deficiency

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26
Q

nuts, seeds, fish, whole grains

A

biotin food sources

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27
Q

coenzymes in amino acid metabolism, heme synthesis, and lipid metabolism

A

vitamin B6

28
Q

dermatitis, anemia, convulsions, depression, confusion

A

vitamin B6 deficiency

29
Q

animal protein foods, potatoes, bananas, legumes

A

vitamin B6 food sources

30
Q

coenzyme in DNA synthesis, homocysteine metabolism

A

folate

31
Q

megaloblastic anemia, birth defects

A

folate deficiency

32
Q

green vegetables, liver, enriched cereal products, legumes

A

folate food sources

33
Q

coenzyme affecting folate metabolism, homocysteine metabolism

A

vitamin B12

34
Q

megaloblastic anemia, paresthesia, pernicious anemia

A

vitamin B12 deficiency

35
Q

animal foods, fortified ready to each breakfast cereals

A

vitamin B12 food sources

36
Q

collagen synthesis, some antioxidant capability, hormone and neurotransmitter synthesis

A

vitamin C

37
Q

scurvy: poor wound healing, pinpoint hemorrhages, bleeding gums

A

vitamin C deficiency

38
Q

citrus fruits, papayas, strawberries, broccoli

A

vitamin C food sources

39
Q

precursor for acetylcholine and phospholipids

A

choline

40
Q

fatty liver, muscle damage

A

choline deficiency

41
Q

eggs, meat, fish, milk, wheat germ

A

choline food sources

42
Q

vitamins consumed in food must be absorbed efficiently from the ________ to meet body needs

A

small intestine

43
Q

fat soluble vitamins are absorbed along with

A

dietary fat

44
Q

compound that combines with an inactive protein to form a catalytically active enzyme

A

coenzyme

45
Q

fat soluble vitamins (are/are not) readily excreted form the body

A

are not

46
Q

major positive ion of the extracellular fluid, aids nerve impulse and muscle contraction

A

sodium

47
Q

table salt, processed foods, condiments, sauces

A

sodium food sources

48
Q

muscle cramps, headache, nausea, vomiting, fatigue

A

sodium deficiency

49
Q

major positive ion of intracellular fluid, aids nerve impulse, transmission, muscle contraction, water balance

A

potassium

50
Q

potato, squash, bananas, orange juice

A

potassium food sources

51
Q

irregular heartbeat, loss of appetite, muscle cramps, increased risk of hypertension

A

potassium deficiency

52
Q

major negative ion of extracellular fluid, participates in acid production in stomach

A

chloride

53
Q

table salt, some vegetables, processed foods

A

chloride food sources

54
Q

convulsion in infants

A

chloride deficiency

55
Q

bone and tooth structure, blood clotting, aids in nerve impulse transmission

A

calcium

56
Q

milk and milk products, canned fish, leafy vegetables, tofu

A

calcium food sources

57
Q

increased risk of osteoporosis

A

calcium deficiency

58
Q

major ion in intracellular fluid, bone and tooth strength, part of ATP and other metabolic components

A

phosphorus

59
Q

milk and milk products, processed foods, fish, soft drinks, bakery products

A

phosphorus

60
Q

possibility of poor bone maintenance

A

phosphorus deficiency

61
Q

bone formation, aids enzyme function, aids nerve and heart function

A

magnesium

62
Q

wheat bran, green vegetables, nuts, chocolate, legumes

A

magnesium food sources

63
Q

weakness, muscle pain, poor heart function, seizures

A

magnesium deficiency

64
Q

part of vitamins and amino acids, aids in drug detoxification, acid-base balance

A

sulfur

65
Q

protein foods

A

sulfur food source

NTDT 200 (8 decks)

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