Chapter 10 - Energy Balance, Weight Control, and Eating Disorders

Question 1

state in which energy intake, in the form of food/beverages, matches energy expended, primarily through basal metabolism and physical activity

Answer 1

energy balance

Question 2

state in which energy intake equals energy use

Answer 2

energy equilibrium

Question 3

state in which energy intake is greater than energy expended, generally resulting in weight gain

Answer 3

positive energy balance

Question 4

state in which energy intake is less than energy expended, resulting in weight loss

Answer 4

negative energy balance

Question 5

the body uses energy for 3 main reasons:

Answer 5

1. basal metabolism
2. physical activity
3. digestion, absorption, and processing of ingested nutrients

Question 6

minimum amount of energy the body uses to support itself when fasting, resting, and awake in a warm, quiet environment

Answer 6

basal metabolism

Question 7

amount of energy the body uses when the person has not eaten in 4 hours and is resting

Answer 7

resting metabolism

Question 8

rate of energy use by the body when at rest, fasting, and awake in a warm quiet environment

Answer 8

basal metabolic rate

Question 9

for a sedentary person, basal metabolism accounts for about ____% of total energy expenditure

Answer 9

60-70%

Question 10

energy the body uses to digest, absorb, transport, store, and metabolize nutrients

Answer 10

thermic effect of food

Question 11

heat production by humans

Answer 11

thermogenesis

Question 12

primarily physiological (internal) drive for food

Answer 12

hunger

Question 13

primarily psychological (external) influences that encourage us to find and eat food

Answer 13

appetite

Question 14

state in which there is no longer a desire to eat; feeling of satisfaction

Answer 14

satiety

Question 15

hormone, made by the stomach, that increases food intake

Answer 15

ghrelin

Question 16

hormone made by adipose tissue that influences long-term regulation of fat mass

Answer 16

leptin

Question 17

weight-for-height standard

Answer 17

BMI –> body weight (kg)/height squared (m)

Question 18

healthy BMI range

Answer 18

18.5 to 24

Question 19

underweight BMI

Answer 19

<18.5

Question 20

overweight BMI

Answer 20

25.00-29.99

Question 21

obese BMI

Answer 21

greater than or equal to 30

Question 22

research suggests that genes account for up to ____% of weight differences

Answer 22

40-70%

Question 23

theory that humans have a genetically predetermined body weight, which is closely regulated

Answer 23

set-point theory

Question 24

genetic disorder affecting muscles and skeleton, characterized by tallness, long arms, and little subcutaneous fat

Answer 24

marfan syndrome

Question 25

genetic disorder characterized by shortness, mental retardation, and uncontrolled appetite

Answer 25

prader-willi syndrome

Question 26

sound weight loss program should include

Answer 26

1. control of energy intake
2. regular physical activity
3. control of problem behaviors

Question 27

mild to short term abnormal changes in eating patterns that occur in relation to a stressful event, an illness, or a desire to modify one’s diet for a variety of health and personal appearance reasons

Answer 27

disordered eating

Question 28

eating disorder involving psychological loss or denial of appetite followed by self starvation; related to distorted body image

Answer 28

anorexia nervosa

Question 29

eating disorder in which large quantities of food are eaten on a single occasion (binge eating) and counteracted by purging food from the body, fasting, and/or excessive exercise

Answer 29

bulimia nervosa