Chapter 10 - Energy Balance, Weight Control, and Eating Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

state in which energy intake, in the form of food/beverages, matches energy expended, primarily through basal metabolism and physical activity

A

energy balance

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2
Q

state in which energy intake equals energy use

A

energy equilibrium

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3
Q

state in which energy intake is greater than energy expended, generally resulting in weight gain

A

positive energy balance

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4
Q

state in which energy intake is less than energy expended, resulting in weight loss

A

negative energy balance

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5
Q

the body uses energy for 3 main reasons:

A
  1. basal metabolism
  2. physical activity
  3. digestion, absorption, and processing of ingested nutrients
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6
Q

minimum amount of energy the body uses to support itself when fasting, resting, and awake in a warm, quiet environment

A

basal metabolism

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7
Q

amount of energy the body uses when the person has not eaten in 4 hours and is resting

A

resting metabolism

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8
Q

rate of energy use by the body when at rest, fasting, and awake in a warm quiet environment

A

basal metabolic rate

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9
Q

for a sedentary person, basal metabolism accounts for about ____% of total energy expenditure

A

60-70%

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10
Q

energy the body uses to digest, absorb, transport, store, and metabolize nutrients

A

thermic effect of food

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11
Q

heat production by humans

A

thermogenesis

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12
Q

primarily physiological (internal) drive for food

A

hunger

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13
Q

primarily psychological (external) influences that encourage us to find and eat food

A

appetite

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14
Q

state in which there is no longer a desire to eat; feeling of satisfaction

A

satiety

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15
Q

hormone, made by the stomach, that increases food intake

A

ghrelin

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16
Q

hormone made by adipose tissue that influences long-term regulation of fat mass

17
Q

weight-for-height standard

A

BMI –> body weight (kg)/height squared (m)

18
Q

healthy BMI range

A

18.5 to 24

19
Q

underweight BMI

20
Q

overweight BMI

A

25.00-29.99

21
Q

obese BMI

A

greater than or equal to 30

22
Q

research suggests that genes account for up to ____% of weight differences

23
Q

theory that humans have a genetically predetermined body weight, which is closely regulated

A

set-point theory

24
Q

genetic disorder affecting muscles and skeleton, characterized by tallness, long arms, and little subcutaneous fat

A

marfan syndrome

25
genetic disorder characterized by shortness, mental retardation, and uncontrolled appetite
prader-willi syndrome
26
sound weight loss program should include
1. control of energy intake 2. regular physical activity 3. control of problem behaviors
27
mild to short term abnormal changes in eating patterns that occur in relation to a stressful event, an illness, or a desire to modify one's diet for a variety of health and personal appearance reasons
disordered eating
28
eating disorder involving psychological loss or denial of appetite followed by self starvation; related to distorted body image
anorexia nervosa
29
eating disorder in which large quantities of food are eaten on a single occasion (binge eating) and counteracted by purging food from the body, fasting, and/or excessive exercise
bulimia nervosa