Chapter 10 - Energy Balance, Weight Control, and Eating Disorders Flashcards
state in which energy intake, in the form of food/beverages, matches energy expended, primarily through basal metabolism and physical activity
energy balance
state in which energy intake equals energy use
energy equilibrium
state in which energy intake is greater than energy expended, generally resulting in weight gain
positive energy balance
state in which energy intake is less than energy expended, resulting in weight loss
negative energy balance
the body uses energy for 3 main reasons:
- basal metabolism
- physical activity
- digestion, absorption, and processing of ingested nutrients
minimum amount of energy the body uses to support itself when fasting, resting, and awake in a warm, quiet environment
basal metabolism
amount of energy the body uses when the person has not eaten in 4 hours and is resting
resting metabolism
rate of energy use by the body when at rest, fasting, and awake in a warm quiet environment
basal metabolic rate
for a sedentary person, basal metabolism accounts for about ____% of total energy expenditure
60-70%
energy the body uses to digest, absorb, transport, store, and metabolize nutrients
thermic effect of food
heat production by humans
thermogenesis
primarily physiological (internal) drive for food
hunger
primarily psychological (external) influences that encourage us to find and eat food
appetite
state in which there is no longer a desire to eat; feeling of satisfaction
satiety
hormone, made by the stomach, that increases food intake
ghrelin
hormone made by adipose tissue that influences long-term regulation of fat mass
leptin
weight-for-height standard
BMI –> body weight (kg)/height squared (m)
healthy BMI range
18.5 to 24
underweight BMI
<18.5
overweight BMI
25.00-29.99
obese BMI
greater than or equal to 30
research suggests that genes account for up to ____% of weight differences
40-70%
theory that humans have a genetically predetermined body weight, which is closely regulated
set-point theory
genetic disorder affecting muscles and skeleton, characterized by tallness, long arms, and little subcutaneous fat
marfan syndrome
genetic disorder characterized by shortness, mental retardation, and uncontrolled appetite
prader-willi syndrome
sound weight loss program should include
- control of energy intake
- regular physical activity
- control of problem behaviors
mild to short term abnormal changes in eating patterns that occur in relation to a stressful event, an illness, or a desire to modify one’s diet for a variety of health and personal appearance reasons
disordered eating
eating disorder involving psychological loss or denial of appetite followed by self starvation; related to distorted body image
anorexia nervosa
eating disorder in which large quantities of food are eaten on a single occasion (binge eating) and counteracted by purging food from the body, fasting, and/or excessive exercise
bulimia nervosa
