Chapter 9: Employee Motivation

Question 1

individual differences that are most related to work motivation

Answer 1

Personality
Self-esteem
Intrinsic motivation tendency and
need for achievement

Question 2

behaviors that are not part of an employee’s job but which make an organization a better place to work

Answer 2

Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Question 3

According to Korman’s Consistency Theory:

Answer 3

there is a positive correlation between self esteem and motivation, and performance

Question 4

According to this theory, employees who feel good about themselves are motivated to perform better at work

Answer 4

Korman’s Consistency Theory

Question 5

According to this theory, employees try to perform at levels consistent with their self esteem level

Answer 5

Korman’s Consistency Theory

Question 6

According to Korman’s Consistency Theory, there are three types of self esteem, namely:

Answer 6

Chronic self esteem
Situational self esteem (self-efficacy)
socially influenced self esteem

Question 7

a type of self esteem that refers to the positive or negative way in which a person views herself, as a whole

Answer 7

Chronic self esteem

Question 8

a type of self esteem that refers to the person’s feeling about himself in a particular situation

Answer 8

Situational self esteem (self-efficacy)

Question 9

a type of self esteem that refers to the positive or negative way in which a person based their view on the expectations of other people

Answer 9

socially influenced self esteem

Question 10

the idea that people behave in ways consistent with their self-image

Answer 10

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 11

a phenomenon that occurs when performance is affected by the self-expectations

Answer 11

Galatea effect

Question 12

a phenomenon that occurs when performance is affected by the expectation of other people

Answer 12

Pygmalion effect

Question 13

refers to the phenomenon in which the higher the expectations placed on people the better is their execution of work

Answer 13

Pygmalion effect

Question 14

a phenomenon that occurs when negative or lower expectations is placed upon an individual by other people or themselves

Answer 14

Golem Effect

Question 15

A measure of an individual orientation and level of intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation

Answer 15

Work Preference Inventory

Question 16

A theory that employees can be motivated by monitoring their own progress towards goals they set and adjusting their behavior to reach those goals

Answer 16

Self-regulation Theory

Question 17

a theory that suggests that certain job characteristics of a job will make the job more or less satisfying, depending on the particular needs of the worker

Answer 17

Job Characteristics Theory

Question 18

according to this theory, employees desire jobs that are meaningful, provide them autonomy, and feedback

Answer 18

Job Characteristics Theory

Question 19

According to job characteristics theory, the motivational potential of the job are:

Answer 19

meaningfulness
autonomy
feedback
skill variety
task identity 
task significance

Question 20

the number of different activities, skills, and talents the job requires

Answer 20

skill variety

Question 21

the degree to which a job requires completion as a whole, identifiable piece of work

Answer 21

task identity

Question 22

the job’s impact on the lives or work of other people, within or outside the organization

Answer 22

task significance

Question 23

the degree of freedom, independence and discretion in scheduling work and determining procedures that the job provides

Answer 23

autonomy

Question 24

the degree to which carrying out the activities required results in direct and clear information about the effectiveness of the performance

Answer 24

feedback

Question 25

a self report inventory consisting of short descriptive phrases about various job characteristics and provides useful information about perceptions of job characteristics

Answer 25

Job Diagnostic Survey

Question 26

three aspects that are measured by Job Diagnostic Survey

Answer 26

employee’s perception of job characteristics
employee’s level of growth need
employee’s job satisfaction

Question 27

the idea that reinforcement is relative within an individual and between individuals

Answer 27

Premack principle

Question 28

a practice of rewarding performance of a very boring task by allowing us to perform less boring task is an example of

Answer 28

Premack Principle

Question 29

a rank order reinforcers for an individual

Answer 29

Reinforcement hierarchy

Question 30

incentive plans that are designed to make high levels of individual performance financially worthwhile

Answer 30

Individual incentive plans

Question 31

Advantage of individual incentive plans

Answer 31

help to reduce group problems such as social loafing

Question 32

disadvantages of individual incentive plans

Answer 32

can foster competition
difficulty in measuring individual performance
it is essential that employees understand the incentive system

Question 33

incentive plans in which employees are paid on the basis of how much they individually produce (i.e., commission, piecework, etc)

Answer 33

pay for performance plans also called as earnings-at-risk plans

Question 34

an incentive plan in which employees receive pay bonuses based on performance appraisal scores

Answer 34

merit pay

Question 35

incentive plans that are designed to get employees to participate in the success and failure of the organization

Answer 35

group incentive plans

Question 36

advantage of using group incentive plans

Answer 36

greater employee cohesion
difficult incentive system
can encourage social loafing

Question 37

an group incentive plan in which employees are provided with a percentage of profits above a certain amount

Answer 37

profit sharing

Question 38

a group incentive system in which employees are paid a bonus based on improvements in group productivity

Answer 38

gainsharing

Question 39

the level of productivity before the implementation of gainsharing plan

Answer 39

baseline

Question 40

a group incentive method in which employees are given the option of buying stock in the future at the price of the stock when the option were granted

Answer 40

stock options