Chapter 9- Democratic Politics

Question 1

Political democratization

Answer 1

The rising democratic idea of politics as a forum for the expression of the will of the common people rather than as an activity that gentleman conducted for the people.

Question 2

Henry clay

Answer 2

Politician from Kentucky who was one of the leaders of the Whig party. He ran against Andrew Jackson in 1824 and threw in his votes with John Quincy Adams’s when Jackson failed to capture the majority as required by the constitution.

Question 3

Nullification crisis

Answer 3

Direct clash between the president and his Vice President

Question 4

Second bank of the United States

Answer 4

Received a twenty-year charter from congress in 1816. However, it was located in Philadelphia, not Washington, and its directors enjoyed considerable independence. It’s president, the aristocratic Nicholas biddle, viewed himself as a public servant, duty bound to keep it above politics.

Question 5

Whig party

Answer 5

The main opponent of Andrew jackson’s Democratic Party

Question 6

Panic of 1837

Answer 6

A severe depression that struck he United States beginning in May 1837. Prices began to tumble, and bank after bank suspended specie payments

Question 7

Second great awakening

Answer 7

A religious revival movement that began in Connecticut in the 1790s it featured gigantic revival meetings in many parts of the country in which members of several denominations gathered together in sprawling open-air camps for up to a week to hear revivalists proclaim that the second coming of Jesus was near and that the time for repentance is now.

Question 8

Charles g. Finney

Answer 8

Began his career as a lawyer. After a religious conversion in 1821, he became a Presbyterian minister and conducted revivals in towns such as Rome and Utica along the Erie Canal.

Question 9

Theological perfectionism

Answer 9

The belief that human beings have the power to lead perfect lives free from all sin, on the model of Christ. Grew in popularity during second great awakening. Popularized by revivalist ministers such as Charles g. Finney.

Question 10

Mormons

Answer 10

Members of the church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It emerged in the 1820s, and was very controversial. They believe that Jesus had actually appeared and performed miracles in America, but the American descendants of the ancient Hebrew prophet lehi had departed from the lord’s ways and quarreled among themselves.

Question 11

American temperance society

Answer 11

The first national temperance organization, committed to ending alcohol consumption.

Question 12

Horace Mann

Answer 12

Became the first secretary of the newly created Massachusetts board of education in 1837 and presided over sweeping reforms to transform schools into institutions that occupied most of a child’s time and energy. His goals included shifting financial support from parents to the state, extending the school term from two to three or as many as ten months, standardizing textbooks, classifying students into grades based on age and attainment, and compelling attendance.

Question 13

William Lloyd garrison

Answer 13

Founder of the liberator and the most controversial white abolitionist. He believed in the radical notion that blacks should enjoy civil (or legal) equality with whites.

Question 14

Angelina and Sarah grimke

Answer 14

Daughters of a South Carolina slaveholder; they embarked on an anti slavery lecture tour of New England in 1837. What made them so controversial was that they drew mixed audiences of men and women to their lectures at a time when it was thought indelicate for women to speak before male audiences.

Question 15

Lucretia Mott

Answer 15

A Quaker from Philadelphia who became a leader in advocating for women’s rights.

Question 16

Elizabeth Cary Stanton

Answer 16

One of the leading women’s rights activists in the 1840s and the decades that followed; among the authors of the declaration of sentiments.

Question 17

Seneca falls convention

Answer 17

Women’s rights convention in 1848. The conventions declaration of sentiments, modeled on the Declaration of Independence, began with the assertion that “all men and women are created equal.” The convention passed twelve resolutions and only one, a call for the right of women to vote didn’t pass unanimously; but it did pass. Ironically, after the civil war, the main demand of women’s rights activists became women’s suffrage.

Question 18

Utopian communities

Answer 18

Experimental communities that sprang up in the 1820s as an alternative to the competitiveness of mainstream society.