Chapter 7- America War And Peace Flashcards
John Marshall
Chief Justice who was the first to establish and assert the powers of the Supreme Court.
Marburg v Madison
This court case ruled that, although Madison should have delivered marbury’s commision, he was under no legal obligation to do so because part of the judiciary act of 1789 that had granted the court the authority to issue such a writ was unconstitutional.
Louisiana purchase
The United States bought the Louisiana territory (the area from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains) from France in 1803 for $15 million. The purchase nearly doubled the area of the United States at a cost, omitting interest, of thirteen and one-half cents an acre.
Impressment
The practice of forcing civilians in to military service. It was used widely by the British, and antagonized Americans, in the years leading up to the war of 1812
Embargo act of 1807
This law prohibited vessels from leaving American ports for foreign ports. Technically, it prohibited only exports, but its practical effect was to stop imports as well, for few foreign ships would venture into American ports if they had to leave with cargo.
Jame Madison
Elected president of the United States in 1808; was the nations leader during the war of 1812
War hawks
Militant democratic-republicans who demanded more aggressive policies
Tecumseh
The Shawnee leader who sought to unite several tribes in Ohio and the the Indiana territory against American settlers.
Tenskwatawa
Tecumseh’s brother who was looked down on by fellow Shawnee’s as a drunken mischief. Later on, he gave up liquor and began tearful preaching to surrounding tribes to return to their old ways and to avoid contact with whites. He quickly became known as the prophet
Treaty of Ghent
Signed on Christmas Eve 1814, it restored the status quo ante vellum (the state of things before the war); the United States neither gained nor lost territory. Several additional issues, including fixing a boundary between the United States and Canada, were referred to joint commissions for future settlement. Nothing was done about impressment, but the end of the war in Europe made neutral rights a null issue.
Andrew Jackson
American General, and later president, who was known for his ferocity as an Indian fighter. He and his men defeated the British in the battle of New Orleans.
National Republicans
Republicans who increasingly embraced old federalist positions, including the era of good feeling
Era of good feelings
The era during President James Monroe’s terms as president, from 1817-1825. The phrase era of good feelings reflects not only the war’s elimination of some divisive issues but also Monroe’s conscious efforts to avoid political controversies
Mcculloch v Maryland
The court case that ruled that states could not interfere with the exercise of federal powers. A tax by Maryland on the Baltimore branch of the second bank of the United States was plainly unconstitutional under this rule
Old republicans
Strict Jeffersonians who revered John Randolph and regarded the compact theory of the United States as a guarantor of popular liberty
Missouri compromise
This stated that in order to balance the number of free and slave states, congress in 1820 would admit Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state; to forestall a further crisis, it also prohibited slavery in the remainder of the Louisiana purchase north of 36’ 30’- the southern boundary of Missouri.
John Quincy Adams
The Secretary of State under James Monroe who helped strengthen ties with Great Britain. He was the son of former President John Adams, and he became president in 1825.
Adams-onis treaty
The agreement in 1819 between Spain and the United States where Spain ceded east Florida to the United States, renounced its claims to Florida, and agreed to a southern border to a southern border of the United States west of the Mississippi that ran north along the Sabine River (separating Texas from Louisiana) and then westward along the red and Arkansas rivers to the Rocky Mountains, finally following the forty-second parallel to the pacific.
Monroe doctrine
The doctrine that proclaimed three key principles: that unless American interests were involved, U.S Policy was to abstain from European wars; that the American continents were not subjects for future colonization by any European power; and that the United States would construe any attempt at European colonization in the new world as an “unfriendly act”
