Chapter 8- Transformation Of American Society Flashcards
Old northwest
The northern part of the area between the Appalachians and the Mississippi River.
Old southwest
The southern part of the area between the Appalachians and the Mississippi River
Market economy
An economic system in which goods and services are produced for sale rather than personal consumption; market economies are driven by supply and demand as well as the incentive to earn a profit.
Squatters
People who occupied land that they did not won and did not have permission to occupy.
Panic of 1819
A major financial collapse that brought on a lot of bank failures and unemployment.
Transportation revolution
When attention and investment shifted to improving transportation on waterways.
Gibbons v. Ogden
Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that congress’s constitutional power to regulate interstate commerce applied to navigation and thus had to prevail over New York’s power to license the Livingston-Fuller monopoly.
Erie Canal
It connected the Hudson River with Lake Erie and enabled produce from Ohio to reach New York City by a continuous stretch of waterway.
Eli Whitney
Inventor of the cotton gin
Waltham and Lowell textile mills
These mills turned out finished fabrics that required only one additional step, stitching into clothes. In constraint to other New England mills, 80 percent of the workers in Waltham and Lowell, places that had not even existed in the eighteenth century, were young unmarried women who had been lured from farms by the promise of wages.
“Outwork”
Collaboration between households and factories in producing industrial goods- for instance the sewing of shoe parts at home to be sent to the factory for finishing.
African Methodist episcopal church
The first black-run Protestant denomination
Richard Allen
A former slave who was ejected from the Methodist church of Philadelphia for mistakenly sitting in the gallery designed for whites. He eventually became a bishop of the African Methodist episcopal church.
Voluntary associations
Associations that arose apart from government and sought to accomplish some goal of value to their members. They encouraged sociability. As transients and newcomers flocked in to towns and cities, they tended to join others with similar characteristics, experiences, or interests.
Alexis de Tocqueville
A French aristocrat and writer who came to American in 1831 to file a report on prisons. Ended up writing “democracy in america” which is considered to be one of the best foreign commentaries on American society
