Chapter 9 - Communication & Learning Styles

Question 1

Visual-Auditory-Kinesthetic Model

Answer 1

• Individuals learn through 3 methods:
  - seeing (visual)
  - hearing (auditory)
  - moving (kinesthetic)

-see pages 170-171 for examples of visual cues

Question 2

Supportive Communication

Answer 2

language that creates a climate of trust, caring & acceptance
- use “I” statements instead of “you”

- ask open ended questions    - work to understand participant(s) feelings    - use suggestions like "you might consider" or "you could try"    - "we" statements    - focus on solutions instead of mistakes

Question 3

Effective Nonverbal Communication

Answer 3

• eye contact (helps show interest, keeps class engaged)
• body language
• facial expressions

Question 4

One-way communication

Answer 4

a communicator (instructor) sends an audio, visual or kinesthetic signal and gets no response back from the receiver

Question 5

Two Way communication

Answer 5

a communicator sends an audio, visual or kinesthetic signal, and the receiver communicateds a response back to the sender.

Question 6

Effective communication practices for Instructors

Answer 6

• be specific and say exactly what you’d like the class to do
• avoid conflicting messages (focus on one message for the class at a time & give time for students to address it before moving onto another message)

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Question 7

Own Your message (as an instructor)

Answer 7

• Use “I” phrases instead of saying “the club” or “you should”
• take responsibility for what you say

Question 8

Use positive & supportive words

Answer 8

• give feedback right away if class members are doing movements incorrectly/unsafely
• tell them how to solve the problem, instead of saying “don’t do xyz”
• have a positive/supportive attitude (be open for feedback, be friendly, let them class know you are there for their benefit, dress professionally)

Question 9

How to Make Students feel Welcome (show you value them)

Answer 9

• arrive early, start and end class on time
• learn/use names of class members, reach out to new members
• be available before & after class to speak with class members
• prepare equiment if needed
• ensure that room temps and sound are at appropriate levels for the class/participants
• help those who need it in finding equipment, towels, water, etc.
• communicate class objectives & equipment needed

Question 10

How to build Rapport with Students

Answer 10

• meet your class members and learn about their goals
• make eye contact when conversing & during class
• taking an interest in your class member’s lives
• take music or exercise requests
• be available before & after class to allow them time to speak to you

Question 11

Cue-based Teaching

Answer 11

instructor gives continuous, reliable, and precise verbal cues that occur simultaneously with music

Question 12

Visual Teaching

Answer 12

instructor demonstrates correct form & technique while providing a comprehensive view of the movement or pattern from start to finish

Question 13

Mirroring (mirror imaging)

Answer 13

instructors teach all or part of their class facing participants

Question 14

Reflective Imaging

Answer 14

The instructor faces the same direction as the participants and uses a mirror’s reflection to teach/cue movements

Question 15

Timed Coaching

Answer 15

An instructor focuses on verbal coaching and motivational phrasing to push participants through timed movement sequences.

Question 16

Part-to-Whole Teaching Method

Answer 16

Instructor teaches one move/exercise in a combination (repeating as needed) before teaching the second move.
Both moves are then done in combination with each other. The process is repeated until the whole set of moves has been learned.

Question 17

Repetition-Reduction Teaching Method

Answer 17

Instructor teaches a move combination, then repeats it until class members have it mastered. This is repeated with each additional move. Then, instructor returns to the starting move & reduces the number of repetition with each move.

Question 18

Simple to Complex (layering) Teaching Method

Answer 18

Instructor teaches a combination of moves at a basic level, then adds additional movements, range, or intensity to build the complexity of each move.

Question 19

Slow to Fast (Half-time) Teaching Method

Answer 19

instructor teaches an exercise or combination at a slower rate or at half of speed it’s usually performed. Once the exercise or move is mastered, the instructor cues the class members to speed up to the correct tempo

Question 20

Three Dimensional Cuing

Answer 20

cueing that uses visual, auditory, and kinesthetic signals

Question 21

Other types of Cues

Answer 21

• personal: instructor gives a personal story disconnected from class purpose; builds rapport
• safety: gives reminders of proper form to to correct improper movement
• motivational/inspirational: positive cues abut performance, effort, or completing exercises
• alignment: instruct correct body set up or execution
• respiration: cues reminding participants when/ how to breathe
• informational/educational explains reason for & potential benefit of a movement
• numerical: tells the number of sets, reps, or other counted parts of a movement
• anatomical: explain muscles/body parts involved
• directional: cuing direction of movement
• empowering: help class members see how the exercises will benefit them in other parts of their day/life
• spatial: gives reference to one’s body in relationship to other students, equipment, or both
• movement: describes the moves coming up or patterned to be performed

Question 22

Hands-On cuing

Answer 22

instructor touches or moves part of the participants body to correct form or show how to move properly. Should only be done with permission from the student involved.
-instructor might show how the movement is done by doing a demo with their own body if student prefers not to be touched.

Question 23

pre-cue

Answer 23

a cue given (generally before an exercise starts) to get students ready to move (keep it short and sweet)

Question 24

Main Movement cue

Answer 24

explains intended movement while instructor simultaneously demonstrates proper form/movement

Question 25

nonverbal cue

Answer 25

uses expressions, gestures, posture, or other nonverbal communications to demonstrate movments

Question 26

Positive Based Cueing

Answer 26

using words that tell the class a solution to a problem rather than focusing on the problem itself.

Question 27

Autonomy-supportive cueing

Answer 27

participants are encouraged to focus on their own progress and improvement instead of trying to compete with other exercisers.

Question 28

4-beat Cuing

Answer 28

Counting down from 8 & providing verbal or visual cues on counts 4-3-2-1

Question 29

2-beat cueing

Answer 29

Counting down from 8 & providing verbal/visual cues on counts 2-1, or the last two counts of a phrase

Question 30

Participant - Centered Instruction

Answer 30

places the needs of the group above the desires of the instructor. Allows for a variety of student skills and fitness levels to be accomodated.

Question 31

Positive Based Correction

Answer 31

when a correction is necessary, tell class students how to correct improper form or movement using positive language.
example:  instead of "don't slump" say "remember to stand up straight and pull the navel in"