Chapter 11 - Class Engagement & Motivation

Question 1

Effective Performance & Presence for Instructors

Answer 1

• Instructor shows great performance when they engage class members through cues, movement, music, ambience, attire, volume, and attitude (can be theatrical).
• Instructor has presence when they command attention through confidence, being prepared, positivity, and providing an inviting class. Showing correct form, posture, technique, and being energetic also contribute to presence.
• instructors can give off confidence when they have the best combo of expertise & behavior

Question 2

Ways to Show Confidence While Instructing a Class

Answer 2

• use of dynamic verbal, visual, & physical cuing of movements
• alternate between watching body movements & making eye contact with class members
• practice enuciation; vary tone of voice every 3rd sentence
• project the voice from the diaphragm instead of yelling

Question 3

Tips for Using Music In Fitness Classes

Answer 3

• Use a variety of different music types
• make use of trendy pop, dance, hip-hop, or use well-known oldies
• use dramatic segments, chorus, or downbeats in a song for visual, verbal, or motivational cues
• choose music with lyrics that match movements used in songs
• stay on the beat (as appropriate to the class format); count reps or time using parts of the song

Question 4

Edutainment

Answer 4

• combination of words “education” and “entertainment.” Refers to instructor balancing education and entertainment needs of a diverse group to keep them engaged in the class
• example: combine cues for movement, and how to make modifciations with humor, showmanship, or using participant names.

Question 5

How to add variety to a fitness class

Answer 5

• add in a single new exercise or movement pattern
• add a new song to a favorite mix
• change order of movements
• change sets, reps, rest time, or interval ratio
• create long term plan for progression
• play a different genre of music

Question 6

Types of Motivational Cues

Answer 6

• time or rep count down (how much longer to hold push)
• performance: compliment class to help them find energy to finish, hold good form
• physical or emotional benefit (physical or emotional results from a movement)
• competition: use competitive activities (if this is right for your class - may not be for many)

Question 7

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 7

• Doing an activity to get a reward separate from the activity itself
• examples: money, status, trophies, attention from others, or an endorphin high after class

Question 8

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 8

• Doing an activity because there are rewards that come directly from completing the activity
• examples: fit people are happier, the reason why a person comes to class, how good one feels during class

Question 9

Ways Instructors Can Provide Intrinsic Motivation to Exercise Consistently

Answer 9

• give positive feedback to class members
• ask for their input
• create engaging classes
• help them feel successful
• discuss positives of fitness
• give info on accomplishments & progress

Question 10

Self-talk

Answer 10

a person’s internal dialogue (what they say to themselves)

Question 11

Self-efficacy

Answer 11

the belief in one’s ability to do a certain behavior or thing

Question 12

Ways to Promote a Positive Self-Efficacy to Students & Physical Activity

Answer 12

• encourage students to focus on their own improvements & accomplishments instead of comparing themselves to others.
• encourage positive modeling (if she can do it, so can you) without competition
• verbal persuasion/encouragement (you got this)
• Imagery: have them imagine doing a movement/exercise successfully; encourages their confidence

Question 13

Interpersonal influences

Answer 13

• Influences from those persons or groups with whom one interacts with regularly; the social network that supports them
• many group fitness programs are effective because they provide enjoyment to the group, social support, and increased commitment to healthy behaviors
• instructors can be part of the support system by inviting them back and letting them know their presence is valued

Question 14

Affective Influences

Answer 14

• Influences resulting from things a person feels
• positive or negative emotions change how (or whether) a person sticks with exercise or nutrition programs
• exercising/proper nutrition can also help change a bad mood

Question 15

Sensation Influences

Answer 15

Physical feelings people experience as they relate to behavior needed to establish a healthy lifestyle

• some beginners might feel daunted when starting exercise, so instructors can give encouragement to stick with it and come back to class again.
• instructors can help class members find the positives and gains of exercising

Question 16

Behavior Influences

Answer 16

are created as a result of and individual’s behavior

-example: tracking activity to hit a movement goal (person probably more motivated to keep exercising)

Question 17

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 17

providing individuals with a reward for following a desired behavior. Encourages repetition of said behavior

Question 18

Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

Answer 18

Individuals progress through a series of stages of change, which is cyclical instead of linear. People may revert back to old habits before progressing to the next stage of the model. Stages include:

1 - Precontemplation: individuals don’t plan to change their unhealthy/high risk behaviors; no plans to start an exercise regimen in the next 6 months

2 - Contemplation: a person is thinking about making a behavioral change within the next 6 months. Are considering the pros & cons of doing an exercise program.

3 - Preparation: individuals intend to take action in the near future, usually within a month’s time. Most have usually started to formulate a plan, join a health club, consult a doctor, etc.

4 - Action: a person makes a specific, overt modification to their behavior in the past 6 months. Change in this stage of the model aren’t stable; the risk of relapse is high

5 - Maintenance: the stage about 6 months after a behavioral change has been made; the risk of relapse has been terminated. Once a person reaches about 5 years in this stage, it’s likely that they’ll continue to exercise unless derailed by injury or other health issues.

Question 19

S.M.A.R.T Goals

Answer 19

• Instructors can assist class members in setting goals that are more productive and realistic. Goals should be as follows:
• S: specific
• M: measurable
• A: attainable
• R: realistic
• T: timely

Examples: 30 push ups during the first 30 mins of class
                  Attending 8 resistance classes & 8 cycle classes in the next month

Question 20

Fitness Message

Answer 20

a benefit statement or philosophy; what the instructor believes fitness can do for someone
- is catchy & digestable

Question 21

Fitness Vision

Answer 21

An inspirational statement or paragraph about what an instructor wants to be in the future.
-Is longer than a mission statement with more detail on the outcome; focused on inspiring people with positive opportunities.

Question 22

Fitness Mission Statement

Answer 22

An informative statement about what an instructor does (or wants to do)

Question 23

Fitness Community

Answer 23

• a group of people who begin to trust, follow, and interact with the instructor (a following)
• How to gain a following:
  
  • giving effective cues on form/execution
  • show care and concern
  • using participant’s names as much as possible
  • talking with class members before & after class
  • hosting group outings
  • affliating with a charity/philanthropic organization
  • facilitating friendly competition in class
  • using social media, texting & email to communicate as appropriate

Question 24

Using Social Media to Drive Engagement

Answer 24

• there are many channels that can be used on social media to communicate with students outside of class
• instructors can use social media groups or business account on a platform to pick up followers
• use the correct platform for the demographic of people one is teaching
• keep posts in good taste; inappropriate posts can put off followers
• use images and personal quotes that send your own personal message, not someone else’s
• post open ended questions, video clips, or photos to catch attention
• avoid sensitive topics like religion or politics
• only post content that supports your brand (nothing offensive)
• don’t aggressively push for follows and likes on your social media platforms