Chapter 10 - Inclusive Instruction For Special Populations Flashcards
1
Q
Individuals with Hypertension (high blood pressure)
A
Chronically High Blood Pressure: systolic above 140 mm Hg & diastolic above 90 mm Hg
- suggested exercises: resistance training, indoor cycling, group rowing, low impact cardio exercise, 3-7 days/week - 30-60 mins daily - 50-85% of max HR - modify music tempo to avoid extended isometric & concentric muscles action - lift light weights, not heavy, no valsalva maneuvers - avoid laying down; participants should stand up slowly to avoid dizziness
2
Q
Individuals with Obesity
A
Individuals with a BMI of 30 or above
- activities like indoor cycling, dance, resistance, or aquatics
- at least 5 days/week
- 60-80% max HR; training ranges can be adjusted 40-70% of max HR if needed
- 40-60 mins/day or 20-30 mins 2x/day of cardio training
- participant should be able to exercise comfortably - can sit or stand
- obtain a medical release from participants doctors for other chronic conditions if needed
3
Q
Individuals with Cardiovascular Disease
A
- may have conditions such as congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, or peripheral artery disease.
- suggested classes: indoor cycling, dance, resistance or aquatics
- 3-5 days/week
- 40-60% peak work capacity
- work up to 20 - 45 mins
- upper body work can cause increased difficulty breathing & need to be monitored
- allow for plenty of rest between sets
4
Q
Individuals Who’ve Had Strokes
A
- often have post - stroke functional limitations, and can often have low fitness levels, muscle weakness or sedentary lifestyles
- large muscle group activities
- 3-7 days/week
- 20-60 mins/session
- 50-80% of max HR
- check that participant can balance as needed during exercise(s)
- standing or seated exercises are best
- movement patterns should be built up to before adding weight to them
5
Q
Individuals with Cancer
A
- can have issues with muscle wasting, declines in cardiovascular fitness, negative changes in body composition, and depression
- exercise should be avoided during periods of increased infection, ataxia (loss of control of body movements), dizziness or wound recovery from surgery
- class suggestions: low impact cardio activities, circuit style classes (lots of options), balance, training & core classes
- 3-5 days/week
- 50 - 70% max HR
- 15-30 mins/session
- avoid heavy lifting at first, use light weights, allow for plenty of rest between sets, allow for slower progress
use SMR only if participant is able to (none for those undergoing chemo/radiation treatments) - may have to start with only 5 mins of exercise and progressively increased, depending on the severity of conditions &n fatigue
6
Q
Individuals with Osteoporosis
A
- individuals have bone loss and are at risk of a fracture.
- suggested classes: stationary/recumbent cycling, aquatic exercise, low intensity yoga
- 40-85% of VO2 peak
- 20-60 mins/day; or 8-10 minute bouts throughout the day
- progression is slow and well-monitored
- exercises progressed toward free sitting or standing
- participants should breathe normally/no holding breath
- if participant can’t tolerate SMR or static stretches, do slow rhythmic active or dynamic stretches
- twisting motions done slowly or omitted entirely
7
Q
Special Population
A
A group of people with similar conditions or characteristics. They require unique alterations to exercise programs to allow for health, safety, and effectiveness.
8
Q
Exercise Considerations for Youths
A
- Youths are children/adolescents between the ages of 5-18 years
- suggested classes: circuit style class (lots of variety, individualization, & interaction)
- Most classes deemed safe by motor control
- 5 - 7 days/week
- 60 mins/day
- moderate to vigorous activities
- any progressions based on postural control & not amount of weight used
- should be engaging & fun
9
Q
Exercise Considerations for Older Adults
A
- Those considered to fit into this age group are 65 years & older
- resistance training can help them make gains in increasing muscle mass, strength, function, balance, bone density, and enhancing power. Helps also prevent bone loss.
- suggested classes: aquatics, chair-based resistance training, cycle, basic/beginner yoga.
- 3 - 5 days/week of moderate activity, or 3 days/week of vigorous activity
- 40 - 85% max HR (VO2 peak)
- 30 - 60 mins/day or 8-10 min bouts throughout the day
- progression is slow/well-monitored
- progress exercise toward free sitting or standing
- participants should breathe normally and avoid holding their breath
- SMR/static stretching done only if participant can tolerate it; otherwise, slow rhythmic active or dynamic stretches are done
10
Q
Exercise Considerations for Pregnant Women
A
- pregnant women should consult with their doctor about their exercise program
- instructor should offer modifications since pregnant women often have relaxed joints
- high impact movements should be replaced with low impact ones (less joint stress)
- limit hot environments when leading class with pregnant students
- suggested classes: low impact cardio, indoor cycling, light resistance, & aquatics
- 5 - 7 days/week
- 20 - 30 mins/day
- light to moderate intensity/ 13-14 on Borg Scale
- avoid exercises laying down (either prone or supine) after 12 weeks of pregancy
- avoid SMR on varicose veins/areas of swelling
- plyometrics not advided in second & third trimesters
11
Q
Exercise Considerations for Those With Disabilities
A
- 1 in 5 people in the US have some sort of disability
- fitness/recreation facilties must provide general access & reasonable accomodations for those with disabilities
- provide opportunities to include those with disabilities in a positive way
- make adaptations to some programs if possible; don’t be condescending
- keep activities age appropriate - don’t dumb them down
- respect that those in wheelchairs view chair as an extension of their body
- use clear/concise instructions
