Chapter 9+ chapter seven walkthrough Flashcards
A disorder of bone growth that causes the most Common type of dwarfism
Achondroplasia
And acute or chronic bone infection
Osteomyelitis
A rare hereditary bone disorder in which the bones become overly dense;it presence and one of three forms: osteopetrosis congenita osteopetrosis Tarda and marble bone disease
Osteopetrosis
A type of cancer that starts in the bones
Osteosarcoma
A chronic disorder that can result in Enlarged and misshapen bones due to abnormal bone destruction and regrowth
Paget’s disease
A synarthrotic joint located only between the bones of the skull The edges of the bones are interlocked and bound together at the suture by dense fibrous connective tissue
Suture
A synarthrosis that binds the teeth to bony sockets In the maxillae and mandible. The fibrous connection between a tooth and it’s socket is periodontal
Gomphosis
A ridge, cartilaginous Bridge between two articulating bones. The cartilaginous connection between the ends of the first pair of vertebrosternal ribs and manubrium Of the sternum is a synchondrosis. Another example is the epiphyseal cartilage which connects the diaphysis To the epiphysis In growing long bone
Synchondrosis
A totally rigid immovable joint created when two bones use and the boundary between them disappears. The rare frontal suture of the frontal bone the fusion of an infants left and right mandibularBones and the epiphyseal lines of Mature long bones
Synstosis
Bones are connected by a ligament. One example is the distal joint between the tibia and fibula
Syndesmosis
The Articulating bones are connected by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage. The joint between the two pubic bones is an example
Symphysis
Joints Permit A wider range of motion then do other types of joints. They are typically located at the ends of long bones such as those of the upper limbs
Synovial joints
Have flattened or slightly curved surfaces that slide across one another but the amount of movement is very slight
Plane or gliding joints
Permit angular motion in a single plane like the opening and closing the door
Hinge joint
Have an oval articular Face nestled within a depression on the opposing side
Ellipsoidal joint
Have complex articular faces and back to gather like a rider and a saddle each face is Concave Along one axis and convex along the other
Saddle joints
Only permit rotation
Pivot joint
The round head of one bone rests with in a cup shaped depression in another
Ball and socket joint
A movement that decreases the angle between two articulating bones
Flexion
An increase in the angle between two articulating bones
Extension
Extension of a body part past the anatomical position
Hyperextension
Movement away from the midline Of the body
Abduction
The movement toward the axis or midline of the body
Adduction
A movement of us and I’ll be a joint in which the distal end of the bones in a circular directions but the shaft does not rotate
Circumduction
The anterior surface of a limb turns toward the long axis of the trunk
Medial rotation
Inflammation of the bursa over the front of the knee just above the knee cap
Prepatellar bursitus
Insertion of a narrow tube containing optical fibers and a tiny camera directly into the joint for visual examination
Arthroscopy
Bony enlargements on the proximal interphalangeal joint’s due to osteoarthritis
Bouchard nodes
Softening of cartilage as a result of strenuous activity or overuse of an injury
Chondromalacia
Bony overgrowth’s on the distal interphalangeus joint’s due to osteoarthritis that cause the patient to have knobby fingers
Heberden nodes
An Infectious disease transmitted to humans from the bite of a tick infected with borrelia causing flu like symptoms and joint pain
Lyme disease
Inflammation of the synovial membrane
Synovitis
Deposits of uric acid crystals often found around joints and usually associated with gout
Tophi
Functions of the joints
Articulations
functional junctions between bones
Bind parts of skeletal system together
make bone growth possible
permit parts of the skeleton to change shape during childbirth
Enable body to move in response to skeletal muscle contraction
Dense connective tissue connect bones
between bones in close contact
Fibrous joints
Hyaline Cartilage or fibrocartilage connect bones
Cartilaginous joints
Most complex
allow free movement
Synovial joints
Immovable joint
Synarthotic
Slightly movable joint
Amphiarthrotic
Freely movable joint
Diarthrodic
What are the three types of fibrous joints
Syndesmosis
Suture
Gomphosis
A sheet or a bundle of fibrous tissue connects bones
Amphiarthrotic
Lies between tibia and fibula
Syndesmosis
Between flat bones
Synarthrotic
Thin layer of connective tissue connects bones
Suture
Cone shaped bony process in a socket
Gomphosis
Serrate suture
Frontal and parietal
Squamousal suture
Temporal bone and parietal
Plane suture
Palatine bones
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints
Synchondrosis
Symphysis
Bands of hyaline Cartilage unite bones
Epiphyseal plate
Between manubrium And first rib
Synarthotic
Pads of fibrocartilage between bones
Pubis symphysis
Joint between bodies of adjacent vertebrae
Amphiarthrotic
Resemble hyaline Cartilages
Are separated by a thin film of synovial fluid
Articular cartilages
Dense and fibrous
Maybe reinforced with accessory structures
Continuous with Periosteum of bone
Joint capsule
Produced at The synovial membrane
Percolates Through articular cartilages
Total quantity less then 3 mL
Synovial fluid
Provide support and additional stability
Not all are included in every joint
Most are seen in the knee
Accessory structures
Small pocket filled with synovial fluid
Often form in areas where tendon or ligament rubs up against other tissues
Reduce friction and acts as shock absorber
Bursa
Adipose tissue covered by synovial membrane
Protect articular cartilages
Fat pads
Pad of fibrous cartilage Between bones of synovial joints
Meniscus
Vertebral column bending to the side
Lateral flexion
Flexion At ankle joint and elevation of soul
Dorsiflexion
Extension at ankle joint and elevation of heel
Plantar flexion
Always refers to movements of the appendicular skeleton not axial
Movements are usually toward or away from the body midline
Four fingers or toes movements are spreading digits apart or bringing them together
Abduction and adduction
Medial and lateral movement of the foot
Eversion/inversion
Anterior and posterior movement of the body
Protraction/retraction
Superior and inferior movement of body parts
Elevation/depression
Tibiofemeral joint
Largest and most complex joint
Modified hinge joint
Flexion/extension/little rotation
Knee joint
Posterior longitudinal ligament’s weekend causing more pressure on disks
Nucleus pulposus compresses distorts annulus fibrosis
Disc bulges into vertebral canal
Slipped disk
Nucleus pulposus breaks through analus fibrosus
Spinal nerves are often affected
Herniated disc
Movement beyond normal range of motion
Articulating surface forced out of position
Can damage joint structures
No pain from inside joint but from nerves or surrounding structures
Dislocation
In adequate ossification leading to loss of bone mass
Often occurs with age beginning between ages 30 to 40
More severe in women than men
Osteopenia
Bone loss sufficient to affect normal functions
Osteoporosis
Damage to cartilage ligaments or tendons
Forceful twisting of joint
Strains and sprains
Inflammation of the bursa or tendon
Overuse of a joint
Bursitis and tendinitis
Inflamed swollen painful joints
Examples: rheumatoid arthritis osteoarthritis gout
Arthritis
