Chapter 6 Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeletal system
Support Storage of minerals such as calcium and phosphate Blood cell production Protection Leverage
What are the six types of bones
Flat bones Sutural bones Long bones Irregular bones Sesamoid bones Short bones
Action of osteoclasts and parathyroid hormone
Bone reabsorption
Action of osteoblasts and calcitonin
Bone deposition
Any disease caused by chronic or long term vitamin deficiency or caused by a defect in a metabolic conversion
Avitaminosis
Retards bone development by interfering with development epiphyseal cartilage
Deficiency of vitamin A
Results in fragile bones or scurvy
Deficiency of vitamin C
Rickets osteomalacia
Deficiency of vitamin D
Promote the information; stimulate ossification of epiphyseal Plates
Sex hormones
What stimulates bone growth
Physical stress
Epiphyseal cartilage grows unusually slow
Limbs are short
Trunk is normal size
Achondroplasia
Excessive cartilage formation at epiphyseal cartilage
Causes long slender limbs
Other connective tissue abnormalities cause cardiovascular issues
Marfan syndrome
Overproduction of growth hormone before puberty
Gigantism
Do you mutation that causes bone deposition around skeletal muscles
Bones developing in unusual places
Fibrodysplasia Ossifications progressiva fop
Growth hormone levels rise after Epiphyseal plates close
Bones get thicker especially those in face jaw and hands
Acromegaly
A crack or break due to extreme mechanical stress
Fracture
What two factors are needed for a fracture to heal
Blood supply and cellular parts of periosteum and endosteum survive
What are the two kinds of fractures
Closed or simple
Open or compound
Fracture that breaks a bone shaft along its axis
Transverse fracture
Fracture which is produced by twisting stresses that spread along the length of the bone
Spiral fracture
Fractures that produce new bone and abnormal bone alignments
Displaced fractures
Fractures retain the normal alignment of bones or fragments
Non-displaced fractures
Fractures that occur in vertebra subjected to extreme stress is also known as the slip and fall
Compression fractures
Fracture in which only one side of the shaft is broken and the other is that occurs in young children
Greenstick fracture
Fracture that shatters the affected area into a multitude of bony fragments
Comminuted fracture
Fracture that occurs at the ankle and affects both bones of the leg
Pott fracture
Fracture that is a break in the distal portion of the radius also known as the trip and fall
Colles fracture
Fracture that tends to occur where the bone matrix is undergoing calcification and chondrocytes are dying. clean transverse fracture along this line is generally heals well unless carefully treated fractures between the Epiphysis and the epiphyseal cartilage him permanently stop growth at the site
Epiphyseal fracture
