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A&P 1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Composed of chemically identical atoms

A

Elements

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2
Q

Smallest particle of an element

A

Atom

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3
Q

Particle formed when two or more atoms chemically combined

A

Molecule

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4
Q

Particle for and when two or more Adams of different elements chemically combined

A

Compound

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5
Q

Depict the elements present in the number of each Atom present in the molecule

A

Molecular formulas

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6
Q

Number of protons or electrons

A

Atomic number

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7
Q

Number of protons plus the number of neutrons

A

Mass number

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8
Q

Which bond is the sharing of electrons between atoms

A

Covalent bond

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9
Q

Kind of Molecules that has no electrical charge on the molecule and electrons shared equally between atoms

A

Nonpolar molecule

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10
Q

Kind of molecule that is unequally sharing electrons between atoms and has a slight electrical charge on the molecule

A

Polar molecule

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11
Q

Is water polar or nonpolar

A

Polar

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of a hydrogen bond

A

Attracts small polar charges on hydrogen atoms to negative charges on other polar molecules
It can change shape of molecules or pull molecules together
Produces surface tension
Weak

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13
Q

What is a ionic bond

A

The transfer of electrons

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14
Q

An atom that gains or loses electrons to become stable and an electrically charged atom

A

Ion

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15
Q

A positively charged ion

Formed when an atom loses electrons

A

Cation

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16
Q

A negatively charged ion that is formed when an atom gains electrons

A

Anion

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17
Q

All the Cellular reactions of the body at a given moment

A

Metabolism

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18
Q

What type of chemical reaction breaks A molecule into smaller components

A

Decomposition

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19
Q

What kind of reaction is the combining of atoms or smaller molecules into larger molecules

A

Synthesis

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20
Q

In What kind of reaction is Chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed

A

Exchange reaction

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21
Q

The type of reaction in which the products can change back into the reactants

A

Reversible reaction

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22
Q

True or false each substrate is the product of the previous reaction

A

True

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23
Q

How are enzymes named

A

They reflect the substrate

they have the suffix ASE

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24
Q

What is required for most chemical reactions to activate the reactants

A

Energy

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25
Q

Amount of energy to start a reaction

A

Activation energy

26
Q

Special proteins that lower the activation energy for the reaction

A

Enzyme

27
Q

Compounds that speed up reactions without changing themselves

A

Catalysts

28
Q

What facilitates most everything that occurs inside the body

A

Enzymes

29
Q

What makes a compound organic

A

Carbon

30
Q

What are the characteristics of cofactors

A

Make some enzymes active
non-protein component
may be in organic or organic

31
Q

What are examples of coenzymes

A

Organic cofactors or vitamins

32
Q

What are factors that alter enzymes

A

Heat radiation electricity chemicals and changes in pH

33
Q

Inorganic molecules are usually longer then organic molecules

A

False organic molecules are larger than in organic molecules

34
Q

Which type of molecule dissolves in water and organic liquids

A

Organic molecules

35
Q

Which type of molecule usually dissociates in water forming ions

A

Inorganic molecules

36
Q

What are the properties of water

A

Solubility reactivity high heat capacity lubrication

37
Q

What are substances that release ions in water

A

Electrolytes

38
Q

What are electrolytes that dissociate to release hydrogen ions in water

A

Acids

39
Q

What are substances that release ions that can combine with hydrogen ions

A

Bases

40
Q

Electrolytes formed by the reaction between an acid and a base

A

Salt

41
Q

What numbers represent acid? Base?

A

1 through 6 and 8 through 14

42
Q

What is the word that also means basic

A

Alkaline

43
Q

What are the characteristics of a buffer

A

Resist changes in pH

neutralizes either strong acid or base

44
Q

Characteristics of carbohydrates

A

Provide energy to cells
supply materials to build cell structures water soluble
contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen
generally have a ratio of 2:1 in hydrogen and oxygen

45
Q

What are the characteristics of a lipid

A 
Organic
Soluble in organic substances
Insoluble in water
Contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen
Carbon to hydrogen ratio near 1:2
46
Q

What is primarily used for energy and the most common lipid in the body

A

Fats

47
Q

What are the characteristics of steroids

A

Form connected rings of carbon
widely distributed in the body component of cell membrane used to synthesize hormones
example: cholesterol

48
Q

Characteristics of proteins

A

Most abundant organic molecule in the body
account for 20% of total body weight contain carbon oxygen hydrogen and and nitrogen consist of long chains of amino acids

49
Q

Characteristics of nucleic acids

A

Large organic molecules
composed of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and phosphorus
Stores and transfers information
consisted of two long chains formed from dehydration synthesis of nucleotides

50
Q

What are the two classes of nucleic acids

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA

Or ribonucleic acid RNA

51
Q

What are the three nucleotide components

A

Nitrogenous base
Pentose sugar
Phosphate group

52
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction

A

The breakage of a chemical bond through the addition of a water molecule

53
Q

Enzymes do what to activation energy

A

They lower it

54
Q

Freely associating with water readily entering into a solution water loving

A

Hydrophilic

55
Q

Incapable of freely associating with water molecules insoluble water fearing

A

Hydrophobic

56
Q

PH is a measure of what ion concentration

A

H+

57
Q

Is blood more alkaline/basic or acidic

A

Alkaline

58
Q

What are the bulk elements

A

Oxygen hydrogen carbon and nitrogen

59
Q

What is the temporary or permanent change in the three-dimensional structure of a protein

A

Denaturation

60
Q

What are the seven functions of proteins

A 
Support 
movement 
transport 
buffering 
metabolic regulation 
coordination and control 
defense

A&P 1 (17 decks)

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