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Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Composed of chemically identical atoms

A

Elements

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2
Q

Smallest particle of an element

A

Atom

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3
Q

Particle formed when two or more atoms chemically combined

A

Molecule

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4
Q

Particle for and when two or more Adams of different elements chemically combined

A

Compound

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5
Q

Depict the elements present in the number of each Atom present in the molecule

A

Molecular formulas

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6
Q

Number of protons or electrons

A

Atomic number

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7
Q

Number of protons plus the number of neutrons

A

Mass number

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8
Q

Which bond is the sharing of electrons between atoms

A

Covalent bond

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9
Q

Kind of Molecules that has no electrical charge on the molecule and electrons shared equally between atoms

A

Nonpolar molecule

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10
Q

Kind of molecule that is unequally sharing electrons between atoms and has a slight electrical charge on the molecule

A

Polar molecule

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11
Q

Is water polar or nonpolar

A

Polar

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of a hydrogen bond

A

Attracts small polar charges on hydrogen atoms to negative charges on other polar molecules
It can change shape of molecules or pull molecules together
Produces surface tension
Weak

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13
Q

What is a ionic bond

A

The transfer of electrons

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14
Q

An atom that gains or loses electrons to become stable and an electrically charged atom

A

Ion

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15
Q

A positively charged ion

Formed when an atom loses electrons

A

Cation

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16
Q

A negatively charged ion that is formed when an atom gains electrons

A

Anion

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17
Q

All the Cellular reactions of the body at a given moment

A

Metabolism

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18
Q

What type of chemical reaction breaks A molecule into smaller components

A

Decomposition

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19
Q

What kind of reaction is the combining of atoms or smaller molecules into larger molecules

A

Synthesis

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20
Q

In What kind of reaction is Chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed

A

Exchange reaction

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21
Q

The type of reaction in which the products can change back into the reactants

A

Reversible reaction

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22
Q

True or false each substrate is the product of the previous reaction

A

True

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23
Q

How are enzymes named

A

They reflect the substrate

they have the suffix ASE

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24
Q

What is required for most chemical reactions to activate the reactants

A

Energy

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25
Amount of energy to start a reaction
Activation energy
26
Special proteins that lower the activation energy for the reaction
Enzyme
27
Compounds that speed up reactions without changing themselves
Catalysts
28
What facilitates most everything that occurs inside the body
Enzymes
29
What makes a compound organic
Carbon
30
What are the characteristics of cofactors
Make some enzymes active non-protein component may be in organic or organic
31
What are examples of coenzymes
Organic cofactors or vitamins
32
What are factors that alter enzymes
Heat radiation electricity chemicals and changes in pH
33
Inorganic molecules are usually longer then organic molecules
False organic molecules are larger than in organic molecules
34
Which type of molecule dissolves in water and organic liquids
Organic molecules
35
Which type of molecule usually dissociates in water forming ions
Inorganic molecules
36
What are the properties of water
Solubility reactivity high heat capacity lubrication
37
What are substances that release ions in water
Electrolytes
38
What are electrolytes that dissociate to release hydrogen ions in water
Acids
39
What are substances that release ions that can combine with hydrogen ions
Bases
40
Electrolytes formed by the reaction between an acid and a base
Salt
41
What numbers represent acid? Base?
1 through 6 and 8 through 14
42
What is the word that also means basic
Alkaline
43
What are the characteristics of a buffer
Resist changes in pH | neutralizes either strong acid or base
44
Characteristics of carbohydrates
Provide energy to cells supply materials to build cell structures water soluble contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen generally have a ratio of 2:1 in hydrogen and oxygen
45
What are the characteristics of a lipid
``` Organic Soluble in organic substances Insoluble in water Contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen Carbon to hydrogen ratio near 1:2 ```
46
What is primarily used for energy and the most common lipid in the body
Fats
47
What are the characteristics of steroids
Form connected rings of carbon widely distributed in the body component of cell membrane used to synthesize hormones example: cholesterol
48
Characteristics of proteins
Most abundant organic molecule in the body account for 20% of total body weight contain carbon oxygen hydrogen and and nitrogen consist of long chains of amino acids
49
Characteristics of nucleic acids
Large organic molecules composed of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and phosphorus Stores and transfers information consisted of two long chains formed from dehydration synthesis of nucleotides
50
What are the two classes of nucleic acids
Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA | Or ribonucleic acid RNA
51
What are the three nucleotide components
Nitrogenous base Pentose sugar Phosphate group
52
What is a hydrolysis reaction
The breakage of a chemical bond through the addition of a water molecule
53
Enzymes do what to activation energy
They lower it
54
Freely associating with water readily entering into a solution water loving
Hydrophilic
55
Incapable of freely associating with water molecules insoluble water fearing
Hydrophobic
56
PH is a measure of what ion concentration
H+
57
Is blood more alkaline/basic or acidic
Alkaline
58
What are the bulk elements
Oxygen hydrogen carbon and nitrogen
59
What is the temporary or permanent change in the three-dimensional structure of a protein
Denaturation
60
What are the seven functions of proteins
``` Support movement transport buffering metabolic regulation coordination and control defense ```

A&P 1 (17 decks)

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