Chapter 3: Solutions and on

Question 1

Substance into which another substance is dissolved generally a fluid

Answer 1

Solvent

Question 2

Substance which is dissolved into another generally solids and gases

Answer 2

Solute

Question 3

Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Filtration

Answer 3

Passive(physical) Processes

Question 4

Active transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Transcytosis

Answer 4

Active(physiological) Processes

Question 5

No energy needed no ATP required
Down a concentration gradient from high to low concentration
Facilitated diffusion requires use of protein carrier/transport molecules

Answer 5

Passive transport

Question 6

Requires the use of energy in the form of ATP
Against a gradient from low to high concentration
Some types require the use of protein Carrier/transport molecules

Answer 6

Active transport

Question 7

What are the 5 factors that influence diffusion rates

Answer 7

Distance
Molecule size
Temperature
Gradient size
Electrical forces

Question 8

What is diffusion across a membrane with the help of the channel or carrier molecule

Answer 8

facilitated Diffusion

Question 9

What is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration

Answer 9

Osmosis

Question 10

Water moves towards a ____________ concentration of solutes

Answer 10

Higher

Question 11

Total solute concentration in an aqueous solution

Answer 11

Osmolarity

Question 12

Effect of osmosis solutions on cell volume

Answer 12

Tonicity

Question 13

The pressure exerted by the flow of water through a semi permeable membrane separating two solutions with a different concentrations of solute

Answer 13

Osmotic pressure

Question 14

Osmotic Pressure ____________ as the concentration of non-permeable solutes ____________

Answer 14

Increases

Increases

Question 15

Same osmotic pressure

Answer 15

Isotonic

Question 16

Higher osmotic pressure

Answer 16

Hypertonic

Question 17

Lower osmotic pressure

Answer 17

Hypotonic

Question 18

Smaller molecules are forced through porous membrane’s
Hydrostatic pressure important in the body
Example molecules leaving blood capillaries

Answer 18

Filtration

Question 19

Substances move up there concentration gradient through phospholipid Byler

Answer 19

Active transport

Question 20

Cell engulfs substance by forming vesicle around substance

Answer 20

Endocytosis

Question 21

What are the three types of endocytosis and what do they mean

Answer 21

Pinocytosis – substance is mostly water
Phagocytosis – substance is a solid
Receptor mediated endocytosis – requires the substance to bind to a membrane bound receptor

Question 22

Substances in a vesicle fuse with cell membrane
Contents released outside the cell
Example release of neurotransmitter from nerve cells

Answer 22

Exocytosis

Question 23

Sequence of nucleotides

Answer 23

Genetic code

Question 24

Three nucleotides specify single amino acid

Answer 24

Condon

Question 25

Functional unit of heredity All the DNA nucleotides need to produce a specific protein Size varies( 300-3000 nucleotides)

Answer 25

Gene

Question 26

Steps of protein synthesis

Answer 26

Given strand of DNA is a nucleus Transcription Translation Repeats until you get a protein

Question 27

mRNA Does from ribosome to nucleus to make complementary copy

Answer 27

Transcription

Question 28

Back at ribosome tRNA Via anti-codons converts mRNA into amino acid sequence

Answer 28

Translation

Question 29

Series of changes a cell undergoes from the time it forms until the time it divides

Answer 29

Cell cycle

Question 30

Stages of the cell cycle

Answer 30

Interphase mitosis cytoplasmic division

Question 31

Very active period Cell grows and maintains routine functions Cell replicates genetic material preparing for nuclear division Cell synthesizes new organelles preparing for cytoplasmic division Phases G & S

Answer 31

Interphase

Question 32

So gross and synthesize the structures other than DNA

Answer 32

G phases

Question 33

Cell replicates DNA

Answer 33

S phase

Question 34

Produces two daughter cells from Anna original somatic cell Nucleus divides –karyokinesis Cytoplasm divides – cytokinesis Undergoes four stages called prophase metaphase anaphase and telophase

Answer 34

Mitosis

Question 35

Chromosomes form being becoming visible: envelope disappears

Answer 35

Prophase

Question 36

Chromosomes align slightly midway between centrioles

Answer 36

Metaphase

Question 37

Chromosomes separate and move to centrioles

Answer 37

Anaphase

Question 38

Chromatin reforms; nuclear envelope forms

Answer 38

Telophase

Question 39

Permanent DNA sequence changes

Answer 39

Mutations

Question 40

Remain in original tissue

Answer 40

Benign

Question 41

Accelerated growth due to blood vessel growth and supply to the area

Answer 41

Malignant

Question 42

Cells migrating to nearby tissues

Answer 42

Invasion

Question 43

Formation of secondary tumor’s

Answer 43

Metastasis