Chapter 10

Question 1

Characteristics of muscle

Answer 1

Irritability: reacts to stimulus
Contractility
Extensibility: relaxation
Elasticity: stretching of muscle

Question 2

Attach muscle to bone

Answer 2

Tendon

Question 3

Tendon sheets

Answer 3

Aponeurosis

Question 4

Surrounding entire muscle; separates muscle from surrounding tissue and organs

Answer 4

Epimysium

Question 5

Divides muscle into compartments or bundles of cells called fascicles

Answer 5

Perimysium

Question 6

Surrounds individual muscle cells or fibers

Answer 6

Endomysium

Question 7

Fuse forming multinucleated cells and develop into skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 7

Myoblasts

Question 8

How many micrometers are in a millimeter

Answer 8

1000

Question 9

Fleshy part of the skeletal muscle cell membrane of the muscle

Answer 9

Sarcolemma

Question 10

Fluid and cell organelles

Answer 10

Sarcoplasm

Question 11

Highly specialized endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium for muscle contraction

Answer 11

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Create direct route for faster muscle contraction

Answer 12

T tubules

Question 13

Made up of actin and myosin

Answer 13

Sarcomere

Question 14

Z lines have what

Answer 14

Anchoring proteins

Question 15

Where actin and myosin overlap

Answer 15

A band also called dark band

Question 16

Light band

Answer 16

I band

Question 17

Covers binding sites on Actin

Answer 17

Tropomyosin

Question 18

Uncovers binding sites on Actin

Answer 18

Troponin

Question 19

Muscle that is not stimulated by nerve is what

Answer 19

Paralyzed

Question 20

What filament is thin and what filament is thick

Answer 20

Actin myosin

Question 21

How many Neuromuscular junction’s are in one muscle fiber

Answer 21

One

Question 22

What part of the neuromuscular junction generates action potential

Answer 22

Sarcolemma

Question 23

What neurotransmitter causes calcium to be released

Answer 23

Acetylcholine

Question 24

What enzyme breaks down acetylcholine

Answer 24

Acetylcholinerase

Question 25

Single stimulus contraction relaxation sequence in a muscle fiber

Answer 25

Twitch

Question 26

Graph of tension development in muscle fibers

Answer 26

Myograms

Question 27

Action potential sweeps across sarcolemma SR releases calcium ions Contraction cycle has not beguny

Answer 27

Latent period

Question 28

Tension rises to Peak | Calcium binds to troponin allowing cross bridge formation between myosin head and active site on Actin

Answer 28

Contraction phase

Question 29

Calcium level falls Active sites covered by Tropomyosin Number of cross bridges decline with detachment

Answer 29

Relaxation phase

Question 30

Muscle fiber controlled by one motor neuron

Answer 30

Motor unit

Question 31

Size of the motor unit varies with what

Answer 31

Muscle control

Question 32

Muscle fibers of different motor units are what

Answer 32

Intermingled

Question 33

Movement begins with the smallest motor units | As the movement continues more and larger motor units are stimulated to contribute producing great attention

Answer 33

Recruitment

Question 34

Muscle length changes then remains constant

Answer 34

Isotonic contraction

Question 35

Muscle shortens

Answer 35

Concentric contraction

Question 36

Muscle lengthens

Answer 36

Eccentric contraction

Question 37

Muscle length does not change

Answer 37

Isometric contraction

Question 38

Occurs in the cytoplasm and produces little ATP

Answer 38

Glycolysis

Question 39

``` Citric acid cycle Electron transport chain Occurs in the mitochondria Produces the most ATP Myoglobin Stores extra oxygen ```

Answer 39

Aerobic phase

Question 40

Stores energy that quickly converts to ADP to ATP

Answer 40

Creatine Phosphate

Question 41

The amount of oxygen needed by liver cells to use the accumulated lactic acid To produce glucose

Answer 41

Oxygen debt

Question 42

Lacks troponin instead uses calmodulin Uses two neurotransmitters Stretching can trigger a muscle contraction Slower to contract and relax More resistant to fatigue Can change link without changing tautness Some are self exciting or rhythmic

Answer 42

The differences between smooth muscle from Skeletal muscle

Question 43

What are cardiac muscle fibers join together by

Answer 43

Intercalated discs

Question 44

Increase in muscle size do to increase in myofilaments, myofribril size, and mitochondria More glycogen and glycolic enzymes

Answer 44

Hypertropy

Question 45

Decrease in muscle size

Answer 45

Atrophy

Question 46

Virus attacks motor neurons of brain and spinal cord causing paralysis

Answer 46

Polio

Question 47

Tocsin from bacteria that suppresses the mechanism inhibiting motor neuron activity Drive in low oxygen areas like deep puncture tissues Results and sustained Powerball contractions of affected muscle

Answer 47

Tetanus

Question 48

Tocsin from bacteria that blocks acetylcholine release at Neuromuscular junctions

Answer 48

Botulism

Question 49

Loss of acetylcholine receptors at the Neuromuscular junctions Results and progressive weakness

Answer 49

Myasthenia gravis

Question 50

Tetanic Contraction of all skeletal muscle post Mortem

Answer 50

Rigor mortis

Question 51

Immovable end

Answer 51

Origin

Question 52

Movable end

Answer 52

Insertion

Question 53

Primarily responsible for movement

Answer 53

Primary mover or agonist

Question 54

Assist primary mover

Answer 54

Synergist

Question 55

Resist primary movers action and cause movement in the Opposite direction

Answer 55

Antagonist

Question 56

Varied collection of inherited diseases that produce progressive muscle weakness and deterioration

Answer 56

Muscular dystrophies

Question 57

Disease of muscle tissue

Answer 57

Myopathy