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Medical Terminology Final > Chapter 9 - Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Cardiovascular Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Aneurysm

A

Abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery due to a weakness in the wall of the blood vessel

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2
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Chest pain that occurs when diseased blood vessels restrict blood flow to the heart. It is often referred to as angina. The pain can radiate to the neck, jaw, or left arm. It is often described as a crushing, burning, or squeezing sensation.

angin (to choke), pector (chest), -is (pertaining to)

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3
Q

Angiostenosis

A

Pathological condition of the narrowing of a blood vessel

angi/o (vessel), sten (narrowing), -osis (condition)

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4
Q

Antiarrhythmic agents

A

Used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias

Examples: Tambocor, Inderal, Calan, Cordarone, and Pacerone

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5
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Act to prevent blood clots from forming. They are known as “blood thinners.”

Examples: Coumadin and heparin

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6
Q

Antihypertensive agents

A

Used in the treatment of hypertension.

Examples: Catapres, Lopressor, Capoten, and Toprol-XL

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7
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also called dysrhythmia

a- (lack of), rrhythm (rhythm), -ia (condition)

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8
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Pathological condition of the arteries characterized by the buildup of fatty substances (cholesterol deposits and triglycerides) and hardening of the walls

ather/o (fatty substances, porridge), scler (hardening), -osis (condition)

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9
Q

Anastomosis

A

Surgical connection between blood vessels or the joining of one hollow or tubular organ to another

anastom (opening), -osis (condition)

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10
Q

Bradycardia

A

Abnormally slow heartbeat defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute

brady- (slow), card (heart), -ia (condition)

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11
Q

Bruit

A

Pathological noise; a sound of venous or aretrial origin heard on auscultation

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12
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlargement of the heart

cardi/o (heart), -megaly (enlargement, large)

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13
Q

Cardiomyopathy (CMP)

A

Disease of the heart muscle that leads to generalized deterioration of the muscle and it’s pumping ability. It can be caused by multiple factors including viral infections.

cardi/o (heart), my/o (muscle), -pathy (disease)

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14
Q

Cardiotonic

A

A class of medication that is used to increase the tone (pumping strength) of the heart

cardi/o (heart), ton (tone), -ic (pertaining to)

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15
Q

Claudication

A

Literally means process of lameness or limping. It is a dull, cramping pain in the hips, thighs, calves, or buttocks caused by an inadequate supply of oxygen to the muscles, due to narrowed arteries. It is one of the symptoms in peripheral artery disease (PAD)

claudicat (to limp), -ion (process)

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16
Q

Constriction

A

Process of drawing together, as in narrowing of a vessel

con- (together, with), strict (to draw, to bind), -ion (process)

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17
Q

Cyanosis

A

Abnormal condition of the skin and mucous membranes caused by oxygen deficiency in the blood. The skin, fingernails, and mucous membranes can appear slightly blue or gray

cyan (dark blue), -osis (condition)

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18
Q

Echocardiography (ECHO)

A

Noninvasive ultrasound used to evaluate the heart for valvular or structural defects and coronary artery disease

ech/o (reflected sound), cardi/o (heart), -graphy (recording)

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19
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)

A

Records the heart’s electrical activity.

20
Q

Embolism

A

Pathological condition caused by obstruction of a blood vessel by foreign substances or a blood clot

embol (a throwing in), -ism (condition)

21
Q

Endarterectomy

A

Surgical excision of the inner portion of an artery

end- (within), arter (artery), -ectomy (surgical excision)

22
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the endocardium (inner lining of the heart). Treatment includes antibiotics and, in severe cases, surgery.

endo- (within), card (heart), -itis (inflammation)

23
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner lining of the heart

endo- (within), cardi (heart), -um (tissue)

24
Q

Fibrillation

A

Quivering or spontaneous contraction of individual muscle fibers, an abnormal bioelectric potential occurring in the neuropathies and myopathies; disorganized pathological rhythm that can lead to death if not immediately corrected

fibrillat (fibrils), -ion (process)

25
Q

Flutter

A

Pathological rapid heart rate that may cause cardiac output (CO) to be decreased. On an EKG recording, a flutter will demonstrate a “saw-tooth” appearance.

26
Q

Hemangioma

A

Benign tumor of a blood vessel

hem (blood), angi (vessel), -oma (tumor)

27
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Abnormal high level of lipids in the blood.

hyper- (excessive, above), tens (pressure), -ion (process)

28
Q

Infarction

A

Process of development of an infarct, which is death of tissue resulting from obstruction of blood flow

infarct (necrosis of an area), -ion (process)

29
Q

Ischemia

A

Condition in which there is lack of oxygen due to decreased blood supply to a part of the body caused by constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel

isch (to hold back), -emia (blood condition)

30
Q

Murmur

A

An abnormal sound ranging from soft and blowing to loud and booming heard on auscultation of the heart and adjacent large blood vessels.

31
Q

Palpitation

A

An abnormal rapid throbbing or fluttering of the heart that is perceptible to the patient and may be felt by the physician during a physical exam

palpitate (throbbing), -ion (process)

32
Q

Shock

A

A life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow. This can damage multiple organs. Shock requires immediate medical treatment and can get worse very rapidly.

33
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid heartbeat that is over 100 beats per minute

tachy- (rapid), card (heart), -ia (condition)

34
Q

Thrombolytic agents

A

Act to dissolve an existing thrombus when administered soon after its occurrence. They are often referred to as issue plasminogen activators (tPA, TPA)

Examples: Streptase and Activase

35
Q

Thrombosis

A

A blood clot within the vascular system; a stationary blood clot

thromb (clot of blood), -osis (condition)

36
Q

Triglyceride

A

Pertaining to an organic compound consisting of three molecules of fatty acids

tri- (three), glyc (sweet, sugar), -er (relating to), -ide (having a particular quality)

37
Q

Vasoconstrictive

A

Active narrowing of a blood vessel

vas/o (vessel), con- (together), strict (to draw, to bind), -ive (nature of, quality of)

38
Q

Cardiac Catheterization (CC)

A

Medical procedure used to diagnose heart disorders.

39
Q

Cardiac Enzyme Test

A

Blood tests preformed to determine cardiac damage in an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

40
Q

AED

A

Automated external defibrillator

41
Q

CABG

A

Coronary artery bypass graft

42
Q

CAD

A

Coronary artery disease

43
Q

CHD

A

Coronary heart disease

44
Q

CHF

A

Congestive heart failure

45
Q

PTCA

A

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

46
Q

Vasodilation

A

The dilatation of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure.

Medical Terminology Final (6 decks)

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