Chapter 14 - Nervous Flashcards
Akathisia
Inability to remain still; motor restlessness and anxiety.
Akinesia
Loss or lack of voluntary motion.
a- (lack of), -kinesia (motion, movement)
Amnesia
Condition in which there is a loss or lack of memory.
a- (lack of), mnes (memory), -ia (condition)
Analgesia
Condition in which there is a lack of the sensation of pain.
an- (lack of), -algesia (condition of pain)
Anencephaly
Congenital condition in which there is a lack of development of the brain.
an- (lack of), encephal (brain), -y (condition)
Anesthesia
Literally means loss or lack of the sense of feeling; a pharmacologically induced reversible state of amnesia, analgesia, loss of responsiveness, loss of skeletal muscle reflexes, and decreased stress response.
an- (lack of), -esthesia (feeling)
Aphasia
Literally means a lack of the ability to speak. It is a language disorder in which there is an impairment of producing or comprehending spoken or written language due to brain damage.
a- (lack of), -phasia (to speak, speech)
Apraxia
Loss or lack of the ability to use objects properly and to recognize common ones; inability to preform motor tasks or activities of daily living, such as dressing and bathing.
a- (lack of), -praxia (action)
Asthenia
Loss or lack of strength.
a- (lack of), -sthenia (strength)
Ataxia
Literally means loss or lack of order; neurological sign and symptom consisting of lack of coordination of muscle movements.
a- (lack of), -taxia (order coordination)
Bradykinesia
Abnormal slowness of motion.
brady- (slow), -kinesia (motion, movement)
Cephalalgia
Head pain; headache.
cephal (head), -algia (pain)
Chorea
Abnormal involuntary movement disorder, one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias; characterized by episodes of rapid, jerky involuntary muscular twitching of the limbs or facial muscles.
Coma
Unconscious state or stupor from which the patient cannot be aroused.
Concussion (brain)
Head injury with a transient loss of brain function; may also be called mild brain injury, mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), mild head injury (MHI), and minor head trauma.
concuss (shaken violently), -ion (process)
Craniectomy
Surgical excision of a portion of the skull.
cran/i (skull), -ectomy (surgical excision)
Craniotomy
Literally means surgical incision into the skull. It is a surgical operation in which a bone flap is removed from the skull to access the brain.
crani/o (skull), -tomy (incision)
Dementia
Group of symptoms marked by memory loss and loss of other cognitive functions such as perception, thinking, reasoning, and remembering.
de- (down), ment (mind), -ia (condition)
Dyslexia
Condition in which an individual has difficulty in reading and comprehending written language.
dys- (difficult), -lexia (diction, word, phrase)
Dysphasia
Impairment of speech that may be caused by a brain lesion.
dys- (difficult), -phasia (speak, speech)
Encephalopathy
Any pathological dysfunction of the brain. HIV encephalopathy is called AIDS-dementia complex.
encephal/o (brain), -pathy (disease)
Hemiparesis
Weakness on one side of the body that can be caused by a stroke, cerebral palsy, brain amor, multiple sclerosis, and other brain and nervous system diseases.
hemi- (half), -paresis (weakness)
Hemiplegia
Paralysis of one-half of the body when it is divided along the median sagittal plane; total paralysis of the arm, leg, and trunk on the same side of the body. Stroke is the most common cause of this condition.
hemi- (half), -plegia (stroke, paralysis)
Hydrocephalus
Condition in which there is an increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain, causing the head to be enlarged.
hydro- (water), cephalic (head), -us (pertaining to)
