Chapter 14 - Nervous

Question 1

Akathisia

Answer 1

Inability to remain still; motor restlessness and anxiety.

Question 2

Akinesia

Answer 2

Loss or lack of voluntary motion.

a- (lack of), -kinesia (motion, movement)

Question 3

Amnesia

Answer 3

Condition in which there is a loss or lack of memory.

a- (lack of), mnes (memory), -ia (condition)

Question 4

Analgesia

Answer 4

Condition in which there is a lack of the sensation of pain.

an- (lack of), -algesia (condition of pain)

Question 5

Anencephaly

Answer 5

Congenital condition in which there is a lack of development of the brain.

an- (lack of), encephal (brain), -y (condition)

Question 6

Anesthesia

Answer 6

Literally means loss or lack of the sense of feeling; a pharmacologically induced reversible state of amnesia, analgesia, loss of responsiveness, loss of skeletal muscle reflexes, and decreased stress response.

an- (lack of), -esthesia (feeling)

Question 7

Aphasia

Answer 7

Literally means a lack of the ability to speak. It is a language disorder in which there is an impairment of producing or comprehending spoken or written language due to brain damage.

a- (lack of), -phasia (to speak, speech)

Question 8

Apraxia

Answer 8

Loss or lack of the ability to use objects properly and to recognize common ones; inability to preform motor tasks or activities of daily living, such as dressing and bathing.

a- (lack of), -praxia (action)

Question 9

Asthenia

Answer 9

Loss or lack of strength.

a- (lack of), -sthenia (strength)

Question 10

Ataxia

Answer 10

Literally means loss or lack of order; neurological sign and symptom consisting of lack of coordination of muscle movements.

a- (lack of), -taxia (order coordination)

Question 11

Bradykinesia

Answer 11

Abnormal slowness of motion.

brady- (slow), -kinesia (motion, movement)

Question 12

Cephalalgia

Answer 12

Head pain; headache.

cephal (head), -algia (pain)

Question 13

Chorea

Answer 13

Abnormal involuntary movement disorder, one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias; characterized by episodes of rapid, jerky involuntary muscular twitching of the limbs or facial muscles.

Question 14

Coma

Answer 14

Unconscious state or stupor from which the patient cannot be aroused.

Question 15

Concussion (brain)

Answer 15

Head injury with a transient loss of brain function; may also be called mild brain injury, mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), mild head injury (MHI), and minor head trauma.

concuss (shaken violently), -ion (process)

Question 16

Craniectomy

Answer 16

Surgical excision of a portion of the skull.

cran/i (skull), -ectomy (surgical excision)

Question 17

Craniotomy

Answer 17

Literally means surgical incision into the skull. It is a surgical operation in which a bone flap is removed from the skull to access the brain.

crani/o (skull), -tomy (incision)

Question 18

Dementia

Answer 18

Group of symptoms marked by memory loss and loss of other cognitive functions such as perception, thinking, reasoning, and remembering.

de- (down), ment (mind), -ia (condition)

Question 19

Dyslexia

Answer 19

Condition in which an individual has difficulty in reading and comprehending written language.

dys- (difficult), -lexia (diction, word, phrase)

Question 20

Dysphasia

Answer 20

Impairment of speech that may be caused by a brain lesion.

dys- (difficult), -phasia (speak, speech)

Question 21

Encephalopathy

Answer 21

Any pathological dysfunction of the brain. HIV encephalopathy is called AIDS-dementia complex.

encephal/o (brain), -pathy (disease)

Question 22

Hemiparesis

Answer 22

Weakness on one side of the body that can be caused by a stroke, cerebral palsy, brain amor, multiple sclerosis, and other brain and nervous system diseases.

hemi- (half), -paresis (weakness)

Question 23

Hemiplegia

Answer 23

Paralysis of one-half of the body when it is divided along the median sagittal plane; total paralysis of the arm, leg, and trunk on the same side of the body. Stroke is the most common cause of this condition.

hemi- (half), -plegia (stroke, paralysis)

Question 24

Hydrocephalus

Answer 24

Condition in which there is an increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain, causing the head to be enlarged.

hydro- (water), cephalic (head), -us (pertaining to)

Question 25

Meningitis

Answer 25

Inflammation of the meninges pf the spinal cord or brain. With early diagnosis and prompt treatment, most patients recover from meningitis. Individuals with bacterial meningitis are usually hospitalized for treatment.

mening (membrane, meninges), -itis (inflammation)

Question 26

Microcephalus

Answer 26

Abnormally small head; congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormal smallness of the head in relation to the rest of the body.

micro- (small), cephal (head), -us (pertaining to)

Question 27

Narcolepsy

Answer 27

Chronic condition with recurrent attacks of uncontrollable drowsiness and sleep.

narc/o (numbness, sleep, stupor), -lepsy (seizure)

Question 28

Palsy

Answer 28

Pathological loss of sensation or an impairment of motor function; also called paralysis.

Question 29

Papilledema

Answer 29

Swelling of the optic disk, usually caused by increased intracranial pressure (ICP); also called choked disk.

papill (papilla), -edema (swelling)

Question 30

Paraplegia

Answer 30

Paralysis of the lower part of the body and of both legs.

para- (beside), -plegia (stroke, paralysis)

Question 31

Paresis

Answer 31

Slight, partial, or incomplete paralysis.

Question 32

Paresthesia

Answer 32

Abnormal sensation, feeling of numbness, prickling, or tingling.

par- (beside), -esthesia (feeling)

Question 33

Paroxysm

Answer 33

Sudden recurrence of symptoms of a disease, an exacerbation; also means a spasm or seizure.

Question 34

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 34

Chromaffin cell tumor of the adrenal medulla or of the sympathetic nervous system.

phe/o (dusky), chrom/o (color), cyt (cell), -oma (tumor)

Question 35

Polyneuritis

Answer 35

Literally means inflammation involving many nerves.

poly- (many), neur (nerve), -itis (inflammation)

Question 36

Quadriplegia

Answer 36

Paralysis of all four extremities and usually the trunk due to injury to the spinal cord in the cervical spine; also called tetraplegia.

quadri- (four), -plegia (stroke, paralysis)

Question 37

Spondylosyndesis

Answer 37

Surgical procedure to bind vertebra after removal of a herniated disk; also called spinal fusion.

spondyl/o (vertebra), syn- (together), -desis (binding)

Question 38

Stroke

Answer 38

Death of focal brain tissue that occurs when the brain does not get sufficient blood and oxygen; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or brain attack.

Question 39

sundowning

Answer 39

Increased agitation or restlessness that occurs in the late afternoon or early evening in patients with cognitive impairment; most common with Alzheimer-type dementia and Parkinson disease.

Question 40

Syncope

Answer 40

Temporary loss of consciousness caused by a lack of blood supply to the brain; also called fainting.

Question 41

ALS

Answer 41

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 42

MS

Answer 42

Multiple sclerosis

Question 43

TIA

Answer 43

Transient ischemic attack