Chapter 13 - Endocrine

Question 1

Acidosis

Answer 1

Condition of excessive acidity of body fluids.

acid (acid), -osis (condition)

Question 2

Acromegaly

Answer 2

Characterized (in the adult) by marked enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw, and extremities. It is caused by an overproduction of growth hormone and is treated by x-ray or surgery.

acr/o (extremity), -megaly (enlargement, large)

Question 3

Addison’s Disease

Answer 3

Results from a deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones; also called hypoadrenocorticism.

Question 4

Adenectomy

Answer 4

Surgical excision of a gland.

aden (gland), -ectomy (surgical excision)

Question 5

Adenoma

Answer 5

Tumor of a gland.

aden (gland), -oma (tumor)

Question 6

Adenosis

Answer 6

Any disease condition of a gland.

aden (gland), -osis (condition)

Question 7

Adrenopathy

Answer 7

Any disease of an adrenal gland.

admen/o (adrenal gland), -pathy (disease)

Question 8

Cretinism

Answer 8

Congenital condition caused by a deficiency in secretion of the thyroid hormones and characterized by arrested physical and mental development Treatment consists of appropriate thyroid replacement therapy.

cretin (cretin), -ism (condition)

Question 9

Cushing’s Disease

Answer 9

Results from hypersecretion of cortisol; symptoms include fatigue, muscular weakness, and changes in body appearance. Prolonged administration of large doses of ACTH can cause Cushing syndrome. A buffalo hump and a moon face are characteristic signs of this condition.

Question 10

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 10

General term used to describe diseases characterized by excessive discharge of urine.

dia- (through), -betes (to go), mellitus (honey)

Question 11

Dwarfism

Answer 11

Condition of being abnormally small. It is a medical disorder characterized by an adult height less than 4’10” and is usually classified as to the underlying condition that is the cause for the short stature.

Question 12

Euthyroid

Answer 12

Normal activity of the thyroid gland.

eu- (good, normal), thyr (thyroid, shield), -oid (resemble)

Question 13

Galactorrhea

Answer 13

Excessive secretion of milk after cessation of nursing.

galact/o (milk), -rrhea (flow, discharge)

Question 14

Gigantism

Answer 14

Pathological condition of being abnormally large.

gigant (giant), -ism (condition)

Question 15

Glandular

Answer 15

Pertaining to a gland.

glandul (little acorn), -ar (pertaining to)

Question 16

Goiter

Answer 16

Constant stimulation of the thyroid to release more hormones can cause the gland to become larger, a condition known as a goiter.

Question 17

Graves’ Disease

Answer 17

An auto-immune disease in which antibodies produced by the immune system stimulate the thyroid to produce too much thyroxine.

Question 18

Hirsutism

Answer 18

Abnormal condition characterized by excessive growth of hair, especially as occurring in women.

hirsut (hairy), -ism (condition)

Question 19

Hypergonadism

Answer 19

Condition of excessive secretion of the sex glands.

hyper- (excessive), gonad (seed), -ism (condition)

Question 20

Hyperkalemia

Answer 20

Condition of excessive amounts of potassium in the blood.

hyper- (excessive), kal (potassium), -emia (blood condition)

Question 21

Hypophysis

Answer 21

Literally means any undergrowth; also called the pituitary gland.

hypo- (deficient, under), -physis (growth)

Question 22

Hypothalamus

Answer 22

A collection of specialized cells that are located in the lower central part of the brain.

Question 23

Hypothyroidism

Answer 23

Pathological condition in which the thyroid gland produces inadequate amounts of thyroid hormone. It can affect many body systems.

hypo- (deficient), thyr (thyroid, shield), -oid (resemble), -ism (condition)

Question 24

Lethargic

Answer 24

Pertaining to drowsiness; sluggish.

letharg (drowsiness), -ic (pertaining to)

Question 25

Myxedema

Answer 25

Literally means condition of mucus swelling; it is the most severe form oh hypothyroidism, characterized by marked edema of the face, a somnolent look, and hair that is stiff and without luster. Without treatment, coma and death can occur. myx (mucus), -edema (swelling)

Question 26

Pineal Gland

Answer 26

Endocrine gland shaped like a small pine cone. Helps regulate the release of gonadotropin and controls body pigmentation. pine (pine cone), -al (pertaining to)

Question 27

Pituitary Gland

Answer 27

Master gland; has regulatory effects on other endocrine glands.

Question 28

Polydipsia

Answer 28

Excessive thirst.

Question 29

Polyphagia

Answer 29

Extreme hunger.

Question 30

Polyuria

Answer 30

frequent urination.

Question 31

Progeria

Answer 31

Pathological condition of premature old age occurring in childhood. pro- (before), ger (old age), -ia (condition)

Question 32

Somatotropin

Answer 32

Growth-stimulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. somat/o (body), trop (turn), -in (chemical)

Question 33

Thymitis

Answer 33

Inflammation of the thymus gland. thym (thymus), -itis (inflammation)

Question 34

Thyroidectomy

Answer 34

Surgical excision of the thyroid gland. thyr (thyroid, shield) -oid (resemble), -ectomy (surgical excision)

Question 35

Thyrotoxicosis

Answer 35

Literally means a poisonous condition of the thyroid gland; pathological condition caused by an acute over secretion of thyroid hormones. thyr/o (thyroid, shield), toxic (poison), -osis (condition)

Question 36

Virilism

Answer 36

Pathological condition in which secondary male characteristics, such as growth of hair on face and/or body and deepening of the voice, are produced in a female, usually as the result of adrenal dysfunction or hormonal imbalance or taking medications (androgens). viril (masculine), -ism (condition)