Chapter 12 - Urinary

Question 1

Anuria

Answer 1

Literally means without the formation of urine; lack of urine production.

an- (without), -uria (urine)

Question 2

Ascites

Answer 2

Excess fluid in the abdomen.

Question 3

Cystectomy

Answer 3

Surgical excision of the bladder or part of the bladder.

cyst (bladder), -ectomy (surgical excision)

Question 4

Cystitis

Answer 4

Inflammation of the bladder, usually occurring secondarily to ascending urinary tract infections. More than 85% of cases of cystitis are caused by Escherichia coli, a bacillus found in the lower gastrointestinal tract.

cyst (bladder), -itis (inflammation)

Question 5

Cystoscope

Answer 5

Medical instrument used for visual examination of the bladder.

cyst/o (bladder), -scope Instrument for examining)

Question 6

Dysuria

Answer 6

Difficult or painful urination.

dys- (difficult, painful), -uria (urine)

Question 7

Edema

Answer 7

Pathological condition in which the body tissues contain an accumulation of fluid.

Question 8

Enuresis

Answer 8

Condition of involuntary emission of urine; bedwetting.

en- (within), ur (urinate), -esis (condition)

Question 9

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 9

Inflammation of the kidney involving primarily the glomeruli. There are three types: acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), and subacute glomerulonephritis.

glomerul/o (glomerulus, little ball), nephr (kidney), -itis (inflammation)

Question 10

Hematuria

Answer 10

Presence of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the urine.

hemat (blood), -uria (urine)

Question 11

Hemodialysis (HD)

Answer 11

Use of an artificial kidney to separate waste from the blood. The blood is circulated through tubes made of semipermeable membranes and these tubes are continually bathed by solutions that remove waste.

hem/o (blood), dia- (through, complete), -lysis (separation, loosening, dissolution)

Question 12

Hydronephrosis

Answer 12

Pathological condition in which urine collects in the renal pelvis because of an obstructed outflow, thereby forming distention and damage to the kidney;can be caused by renal calculi, tumor, or hyperplasia of the prostate gland.

hydro- (water), nephr (kidney), -osis (condition)

Question 13

Hypercalciuria

Answer 13

Excessive amount of calcium in the urine.

hyper- (excessive), calci (calcium), -uria (urine)

Question 14

Incontinence

Answer 14

Inability to hold or control urination or defecation.

in- (not), continence (to hold)

Question 15

Meatus

Answer 15

Opening or passage; the external opening of the urethra.

Question 16

Micturition

Answer 16

Process of urination.

micturit (to urinate), -ion (process)

Question 17

Nephrectomy

Answer 17

Surgical excision of a kidney.

nephr (kidney), -ectomy (surgical excision)

Question 18

Nephritis

Answer 18

Inflammation of the kidney.

nephr (kidney), -itis (inflammation)

Question 19

Nephroma

Answer 19

Kidney tumor.

nephr (kidney), -oma (tumor)

Question 20

Nocturia

Answer 20

Urination during the night.

noct (night), -uria (urine)

Question 21

Oliguria

Answer 21

Scanty, decreased amount of urine. The decreased production of urine may be a sign of dehydration, renal failure, hypovolemic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, or urinary obstruction/urinary retention.

olig- (scanty), -uria (urine)

Question 22

Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)

Answer 22

Separation of waste from the blood by using a peritoneal catheter and dialysis. Types of peritoneal dialysis are IPD-intermittent and CAPD-continuous ambulatory.

peritone (peritoneum), -al (pertaining to), dia- (complete, through), -lysis (to separate)

Question 23

Proteinuria

Answer 23

Abnormal concentrations of urinary protein.

Question 24

Pyelitis

Answer 24

Inflammation of the renal pelvis.

pyel (renal pelvis), -itis (inflammation)

Question 25

Pyelonephritis

Answer 25

Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis. It is usually caused by bacteria entering the kidneys from the bladder. Escherichia coli is a bacillus that is normally found in the large intestine, These infections usually spread from the genital area through the ureters to the bladder.

pyel/o (renal pelvis), nephr (kidney), -itis (inflammation)

Question 26

Pyuria

Answer 26

Pus in the urine.

py (pus), -uria (urine)

Question 27

Renal Failure

Answer 27

Pathological failure to the kidney to function. There are two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).

Question 28

Renal Transplant

Answer 28

Surgical procedure to implant a donor kidney into a patient.

Question 29

Residual Urine

Answer 29

Urine that is left in the bladder after urination.

Question 30

Retrograde Pyelography (RP)

Answer 30

X-ray recording of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder following the injection of a contrast medium backward through a urinary catheter into the ureters and the calyces of the pelvis of the kidneys. Useful in locating urinary stones and obstructions.

Question 31

Sterile

Answer 31

State of being free from living microorganisms; asepsis.

Question 32

Stricture

Answer 32

Abnormal narrowing of a duct or passage such as the esophagus, ureter, or urethra.

strict (to tighten, contraction), -ure (process)

Question 33

Uremia

Answer 33

Excess of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid metabolism accumulated in the blood; also referred to as azotemia. In current usage, it refers to the syndrome associated with end-stage renal failure.

ur (urine), -emia (blood condition)

Question 34

Urethritis

Answer 34

Inflammation of the urethra.

Question 35

Void

Answer 35

To empty the bladder.

Question 36

UTI

Answer 36

Urinary tract infection

Question 37

Cystolithectomy

Answer 37

Excision of a stone from the bladder.