Chapter 12 - Urinary Flashcards
Anuria
Literally means without the formation of urine; lack of urine production.
an- (without), -uria (urine)
Ascites
Excess fluid in the abdomen.
Cystectomy
Surgical excision of the bladder or part of the bladder.
cyst (bladder), -ectomy (surgical excision)
Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder, usually occurring secondarily to ascending urinary tract infections. More than 85% of cases of cystitis are caused by Escherichia coli, a bacillus found in the lower gastrointestinal tract.
cyst (bladder), -itis (inflammation)
Cystoscope
Medical instrument used for visual examination of the bladder.
cyst/o (bladder), -scope Instrument for examining)
Dysuria
Difficult or painful urination.
dys- (difficult, painful), -uria (urine)
Edema
Pathological condition in which the body tissues contain an accumulation of fluid.
Enuresis
Condition of involuntary emission of urine; bedwetting.
en- (within), ur (urinate), -esis (condition)
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the kidney involving primarily the glomeruli. There are three types: acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), and subacute glomerulonephritis.
glomerul/o (glomerulus, little ball), nephr (kidney), -itis (inflammation)
Hematuria
Presence of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the urine.
hemat (blood), -uria (urine)
Hemodialysis (HD)
Use of an artificial kidney to separate waste from the blood. The blood is circulated through tubes made of semipermeable membranes and these tubes are continually bathed by solutions that remove waste.
hem/o (blood), dia- (through, complete), -lysis (separation, loosening, dissolution)
Hydronephrosis
Pathological condition in which urine collects in the renal pelvis because of an obstructed outflow, thereby forming distention and damage to the kidney;can be caused by renal calculi, tumor, or hyperplasia of the prostate gland.
hydro- (water), nephr (kidney), -osis (condition)
Hypercalciuria
Excessive amount of calcium in the urine.
hyper- (excessive), calci (calcium), -uria (urine)
Incontinence
Inability to hold or control urination or defecation.
in- (not), continence (to hold)
Meatus
Opening or passage; the external opening of the urethra.
Micturition
Process of urination.
micturit (to urinate), -ion (process)
Nephrectomy
Surgical excision of a kidney.
nephr (kidney), -ectomy (surgical excision)
Nephritis
Inflammation of the kidney.
nephr (kidney), -itis (inflammation)
Nephroma
Kidney tumor.
nephr (kidney), -oma (tumor)
Nocturia
Urination during the night.
noct (night), -uria (urine)
Oliguria
Scanty, decreased amount of urine. The decreased production of urine may be a sign of dehydration, renal failure, hypovolemic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, or urinary obstruction/urinary retention.
olig- (scanty), -uria (urine)
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)
Separation of waste from the blood by using a peritoneal catheter and dialysis. Types of peritoneal dialysis are IPD-intermittent and CAPD-continuous ambulatory.
peritone (peritoneum), -al (pertaining to), dia- (complete, through), -lysis (to separate)
Proteinuria
Abnormal concentrations of urinary protein.
Pyelitis
Inflammation of the renal pelvis.
pyel (renal pelvis), -itis (inflammation)
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis. It is usually caused by bacteria entering the kidneys from the bladder. Escherichia coli is a bacillus that is normally found in the large intestine, These infections usually spread from the genital area through the ureters to the bladder.
pyel/o (renal pelvis), nephr (kidney), -itis (inflammation)
Pyuria
Pus in the urine.
py (pus), -uria (urine)
Renal Failure
Pathological failure to the kidney to function. There are two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Renal Transplant
Surgical procedure to implant a donor kidney into a patient.
Residual Urine
Urine that is left in the bladder after urination.
Retrograde Pyelography (RP)
X-ray recording of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder following the injection of a contrast medium backward through a urinary catheter into the ureters and the calyces of the pelvis of the kidneys. Useful in locating urinary stones and obstructions.
Sterile
State of being free from living microorganisms; asepsis.
Stricture
Abnormal narrowing of a duct or passage such as the esophagus, ureter, or urethra.
strict (to tighten, contraction), -ure (process)
Uremia
Excess of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid metabolism accumulated in the blood; also referred to as azotemia. In current usage, it refers to the syndrome associated with end-stage renal failure.
ur (urine), -emia (blood condition)
Urethritis
Inflammation of the urethra.
Void
To empty the bladder.
UTI
Urinary tract infection
Cystolithectomy
Excision of a stone from the bladder.
