Chapter 9 - Airway Management Flashcards
A 23-year-old man experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid, shallow breathing, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway?
Select one:
A. Provide continuous ventilations with a bag-mask device to minimize hypoxia.
B. Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation.
C. Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and provide suction and assisted ventilations.
D. Suction his oropharynx with a rigid catheter until all secretions are removed.
B. Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation.
A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a: Select one: A. nasal cannula. B. bag-mask device. C. mouth-to-mask device. D. nonrebreathing mask.
D. nonrebreathing mask.
An adult at rest should have a respiratory rate that ranges between: Select one: A. 8 and 15 breaths/min. B. 16 and 24 breaths/min. C. 10 and 18 breaths/min. D. 12 and 20 breaths/min.
D. 12 and 20 breaths/min.
Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense:
Select one:
A. slight elevations in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.
B. slight decreases in carbon dioxide and an increase in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.
C. increased levels of oxygen in the blood and a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.
D. decreased levels of oxygen in the blood and an increase in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.
A. slight elevations in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.
CPAP is indicated for patients who:
Select one:
A. are hypotensive and have a marked reduction in tidal volume.
B. have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands.
C. have signs of pneumonia but are breathing adequately.
D. are unresponsive and have signs of inadequate ventilation.
B. have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands.
In contrast to inhalation, exhalation:
Select one:
A. is an active process caused by decreased intrathoracic pressure.
B. requires muscular effort to effectively expel air from the lungs.
C. is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure.
D. occurs when the diaphragm lowers and expels air from the lungs.
C. is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure.
In the presence of oxygen, the mitochondria of the cells convert glucose into energy through a process called: Select one: A. perfusion. B. anaerobic metabolism. C. respiration. D. aerobic metabolism.
D. aerobic metabolism.
On which of the following patients would it be MOST appropriate to use the flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device?
Select one:
A. an 8-year-old girl with respiratory failure
B. a 38-year-old apneic woman with blunt chest trauma
C. a 21-year-old man with traumatic cardiac arrest
D. a 59-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
C. a 21-year-old man with traumatic cardiac arrest
The main advantage of the Venturi mask is:
Select one:
A. the use of its fine adjustment capabilities in the long-term management of physiologically stable patients.
B. that it does not contain an oxygen reservoir, so the same percentage of oxygen can consistently be administered.
C. the ability to adjust the percentage of inspired oxygen when caring for a critically ill or injured patient.
D. the ability to adjust the amount of oxygen administered to the patient by increasing the flow rate on the regulator.
A. the use of its fine adjustment capabilities in the long-term management of physiologically stable patients.
What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly?
Select one:
A. The majority of tidal volume reaches the lungs and diffuses across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
B. Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange.
C. Minute volume increases because of a marked increase in both tidal volume and respiratory rate.
D. Air is forcefully drawn into the lungs due to the negative pressure created by the rapid respirations.
B. Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange.
Which of the following oxygen flowmeters is NOT affected by gravity and can be used in any position when attached to an oxygen cylinder? Select one: A. ball-and-float flowmeter B. pressure-compensated flowmeter C. Bourdon-gauge flowmeter D. vertical-position flowmeter
C. Bourdon-gauge flowmeter
Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct?
Select one:
A. In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels have been depleted, ventilation may occur.
B. Oxygenation without adequate ventilation can occur in climbers who quickly ascend to an altitude of lower atmospheric pressure.
C. In carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, ventilation is impaired because CO binds to oxygen very quickly.
D. Oxygenation is the movement of air into and out of the lungs, whereas ventilation is the exchange of gases.
A. In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels have been depleted, ventilation may occur.
Which of the following statements regarding the one-person bag-mask device technique is correct?
Select one:
A. Bag-mask ventilations should be delivered every 2 seconds when the device is being operated by one person.
B. The C-clamp method of holding the mask to the face is not effective when ventilating a patient with a bag-mask device.
C. Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-mask device.
D. The bag-mask device delivers more tidal volume and a higher oxygen concentration than the mouth-to-mask technique.
C. Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-mask device.
You are dispatched to a residence where a middle-aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position; his eyes are closed and he is not moving. Your FIRST action should be to:
Select one:
A. assess the rate and quality of his breathing.
B. log roll him as a unit to a supine position.
C. open his airway with a jaw-thrust maneuver.
D. palpate for the presence of a carotid pulse.
B. log roll him as a unit to a supine position.
You are performing mouth-to-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving? Select one: A. 45% B. 55% C. 65% D. 75%
B. 55%
