Chapter 34 - Patients with Special Challenges

Question 1

A surgical procedure that creates an opening between the intestine and the surface of the body that allows for elimination of waste products is called a(n):
Select one:
A. gastric stoma.
B. colostomy.
C. intestinal shunt. 
D. gastrostomy.

Answer 1

B. colostomy.

Question 2

Autism is MOST accurately defined as a:
Select one:
A. mental disability caused by insufficient cognitive development of the brain.
B. pervasive developmental disorder characterized by impairment of social interaction.
C. congenital condition caused by factors such as malnutrition or birth complications.
D. psychiatric condition related to an imbalance of serotonin in the brain.

Answer 2

B. pervasive developmental disorder characterized by impairment of social interaction.

Question 3

Because a tracheostomy tube bypasses the nose and mouth:
Select one:
A. the risk of a local infection is significantly high. Incorrect
B. severe swelling of the trachea and bronchi can occur.
C. bleeding or air leakage may occur around the tube.
D. secretions can build up in and around the tube.

Answer 3

D. secretions can build up in and around the tube.

Question 4

Cerebral palsy is characterized by poorly controlled \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ movement.
Select one:
A. eye
B. body
C. extremity 
D. neck

Answer 4

B. body

Question 5

Common associated conditions in patients with spina bifida include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Select one:
A. hydrocephalus.
B. extreme latex allergy. 
C. loss of bladder control.
D. spastic limb movement.

Answer 5

D. spastic limb movement.

Question 6

General techniques for communicating with hearing-impaired patients include:
Select one:
A. exaggerating your lip movements to ensure the patient understands.
B. removing any hearing aids and using pen and paper to ask questions.
C. positioning yourself approximately 18² directly in front of the patient.
D. speaking directly into the patient’s ear with an increased voice pitch.

Answer 6

C. positioning yourself approximately 18² directly in front of the patient.

Question 7

When caring for a patient who is visually impaired, it is important to:
Select one:
A. leave items such as canes and walkers at the residence if the patient will be carried on a gurney.
B. tell him or her what is happening, identify noises, and describe the situation and surroundings.
C. stand to the side of the patient when speaking if his or her peripheral vision is impaired.
D. allow a service dog to remain with the patient at all times, even if the patient is critically ill.

Answer 7

B. tell him or her what is happening, identify noises, and describe the situation and surroundings.

Question 8

When interacting with a developmentally disabled patient, the best approach is to:
Select one:
A. ask your team members to wait until you can establish a rapport with the patient.
B. position yourself slightly above the patient’s level to reduce his or her anxiety.
C. approach the patient as a team to reassure him or her that you are there to help.
D. speak primarily with the patient’s family to establish the degree of disability.

Answer 8

A. ask your team members to wait until you can establish a rapport with the patient.

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding cerebral palsy is correct?
Select one:
A. Approximately 25% of patients with cerebral palsy possess some varying degrees of developmental delay.
B. A key clinical feature of cerebral palsy is paralysis of the respiratory muscles, which confines the patient to a ventilator.
C. Most cases of cerebral palsy develop within the first 10 years of life and are typically caused by meningitis.
D. Conditions such as brain injury at birth, postpartum infections, and fetal hypoxia can cause cerebral palsy.

Answer 9

D. Conditions such as brain injury at birth, postpartum infections, and fetal hypoxia can cause cerebral palsy.
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Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding gastrostomy (gastric) tubes is correct?
Select one:
A. Patients with a gastrostomy tube may still be at risk for aspiration.
B. Gastrostomy tubes are placed directly into the small intestine.
C. Gastrostomy tubes are used for patients who cannot digest food.
D. Most gastrostomy tubes are temporary and are not sutured in place.

Answer 10

A. Patients with a gastrostomy tube may still be at risk for aspiration.