Chapter 6 - Life Span

Question 1

An infant or small toddler would MOST likely gain trust in a person who:
Select one:
A. maintains eye contact, even if the person is a stranger.
B. provides an organized, routine environment.
C. frequently changes the infant or toddler’s regular routine.
D. does not tower over him or her and avoids painful procedures.

Answer 1

B. provides an organized, routine environment.

Question 2

Atherosclerosis is defined as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
A. constriction of the blood vessels
B. dilation of the arteries
C. the buildup of plaque inside blood vessels 
D. the blockage of a coronary artery

Answer 2

D. the blockage of a coronary artery

Question 3

High-risk behaviors usually peak during \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
A. young adulthood 
B. middle adulthood
C. adolescence
D. school age

Answer 3

C. adolescence

Question 4

In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child:
Select one:
A. reaches out and explores because he or she knows that the parents are there as a safety net.
B. clings to a parent or caregiver because he or she knows that the person can be trusted.
C. becomes acutely anxious at the presence of strangers or in unfamiliar surroundings.
D. shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection.

Answer 4

D. shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection.

Question 5

When you are assessing an 80-year-old patient in shock, it is important to remember that:
Select one:
A. the patient’s cardiac output is able to increase by nearly 200% in response to the decrease in perfusion.
B. age-related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion.
C. it is common to see a more significant increase in heart rate than what would be expected in younger adults.
D. in older adults, it is especially common to observe a significant decrease in heart rate in response to shock.

Answer 5

B. age-related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion.

Question 6

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex?
Select one:
A. When the sole of the foot is stroked with a blunt object, the big toe lifts upward and the other toes fan outward.
B. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.
C. An infant’s heart rate decreases secondary to hypoxia because he or she depends heavily on the heart rate to perfuse the body.
D. When something touches a neonate’s cheek, he or she instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch.

Answer 6

B. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.

Question 7

Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults?
Select one:
A. An infant’s head accounts for less body weight than an adult’s.
B. An infant’s tongue is proportionately larger than an adult’s.
C. The trachea of an infant is proportionately longer than an adult’s.
D. The rib cage of an infant is less flexible than an adult’s.

Answer 7

B. An infant’s tongue is proportionately larger than an adult’s.

Question 8

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:
Select one:
A. the infant’s proportionately small tongue often causes an airway obstruction.
B. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.
C. assisted ventilations in infants often need to be forceful to inflate their lungs.
D. an infant’s head should be placed in a flexed position to prevent obstruction.

Answer 8

B. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.