Chapter 9: ADHD

Question 1

selective attention

Answer 1

the ability to focus on relevant stimuli and not be distracted by irrelevant
stimuli.

Question 2

attentional alerting

Answer 2

the ability to
immediately focus on something of importance

Question 3

sustained attention

Answer 3

In continuing to focus on a task or stimulus over a period of time

Question 4

executive functions

Answer 4

Several cognitive processes that are central in the regulation of goal-
directed behavior. Executive functions are involved in planning and
organizing actions; they include working memory, verbal self-regulation,
inhibition of behavior, and motor control.

• affects PFC: prefrontal cortex

Question 5

positive self bias

Answer 5

They are unaware of their negative impact on others, rate their relationships as excessively positive, and overestimate the degree to which
they are liked and accepted. It

Question 6

Sluggish cognitive tempo

Answer 6

Children displaying a sluggish tempo tend to be lethargic, prone to daydreams, confused, and more socially withdrawn.

Question 7

Response Inhibition

Answer 7

Hyperactivity -impulsivity of ADHD.

Question 8

Behavioural Inhibition

Answer 8

3 abilities for BI:

1. Inhibit prepotent responses (reinforced)
2. Interrupt responses that are already underway
3. Inhibit competing stimuli, to protect the operation of the executive functions from interference.

Question 9

Sensitivity to reward

Answer 9

A motivational problem that is displayed as excessive reward seeking behaviour and decreased sensitivity to punishment.

Question 10

Temporal Processing

Answer 10

Passage of time, processing of time, perception of time.