Chapter 2: The Developmental Psychopathology Perspective Flashcards
Paradigm
A shared perspective (view, approach, cognitive set) by Scientifics to study and understand phenomena.
Theory
Is a formal, integrated set of principles or propositions that explains phenomena.
Interactional models
Assumes variables interrelate to produce an outcome.
Vulnerability stress model
Example of interactional model.
Conceptualizes the multiple causes of psychopathology as the working together of a vulnerability factor(s) and a stress factor(s).
Transactional Models
More dominantly used models, and used for studies in both normal and abnormal development.
Assumes that developmental is the result of ongoing, reciprocal transactions between the individual and the environmental context.
The individual is viewed as an active agent who brings a
history of past experience that has shaped her or his current functioning.
The environmental context is viewed as variables that are close to (proximal) or
farther from (distal) the person.
Systems Models
They incorporate several levels, or systems, of functioning in which development is viewed as occurring over time as the systems interact or enter into ongoing transactions with each other.
Developmental Psychopathology Persepective
This perspective integrates the understanding and study of
normal developmental processes with those of child and adolescent
psychopathology.
It is interested in the origins and
developmental course of disordered behavior, as well as individual adaptation
and competence.
Central to the approach was the coming together of developmental psychology and clinical child/adolescent psychology and psychiatry
Medical Model
This model considers disorders to be discrete entities that result from specific and limited biological causes within the individual.
Direct affect
Variable X leads straight to an outcome: direct
Indirect affect
Variable x influences one or more variables that then lead to an outcome: indirect (domino affect)
Mediator
A factor or variable that explains
or brings about an outcome by indirect means.
Moderator
A variable that influences the direction or the strength of the relationship between an independent (or predictor) variable and a dependent (or criterion) variable.
Necessary Cause
Must be present in order for the disorder to occur.
Sufficient Cause
Can be itself responsible for the disorder. Ex: down syndrome
Contributing causes
In some disorders, several
factors may contribute by adding or multiplying their effects to reach a threshold to produce the problem.
Pathway 1 : Stable adaption
Few environmental adversities :)
Pathway 2: Stable maladaption
Chronic environemtnal adversitties :(
Pathway 3: Reversal Maladaption
Important life change creates new opportunity
Pathway 4: Decline of Adaption
Environmental or biological shifts bring adversity
Pathway 5: Temporal Maladaption
Can reflect transient experimental risk taking.
Equifinality
Diverse factors (mutiple pathways) to the same (one) outcome.
Mutifinality
A singular pathway can have various outcomes.
Risk
Variables that precede and increase the chance of psychological impairments.
Breakdown :
Although a single risk certainly can have an impact, multiple risks are
particularly harmful.
Risks tend to cluster.
The intensity, duration, and timing of a risk can make a difference.
The effects of many risk factors appear nonspecific, a finding reflected in
the principle of multifinality
Risk factors may be different for the onset of a disorder than for the
persistence of the disorder.
A risk may increase the likelihood of future risks by increasing the child’s
susceptibility for problems or adversely affecting the environmental
context.
Sensitive period model
Predicts that exposure to risk during a specific window in time may have permanent affects or the same exposure at a different time could have little not influence.
