Chapter 6: Anxiety & Related Disorders

Question 2

Internalizing Disorders

Answer 2

Problems and disorders that manifest in; anxiousness, fear, withdrawal, timidity, depression ect.

Question 3

Anxiety : Barlow (2002)

Answer 3

A future-oriented emotion,
characterized by perceptions of uncontrollability and unpredictability over
potentially negative events and a rapid shift in attention to the focus of
potentially dangerous situations or one’s own social-performative response to these
events.

Question 4

Distinction between fear and anxiety

Answer 4

Fear: Immediate reaction to present threat.
Anxiety: Future orientated/driven fear.

3 types of reactions for both :
1. Overt : running away, trembling voice, shaking
2. Cognitive; self-deprecatory thoughts / worry
3. Physiological : heart rate increase/respiration, muscle tensions, upset stomach.

Question 5

Worry

Answer 5

Viewed as a cognitive component of Anxiety.

Intrusive / uncontrollable thoughts regarding possible negative outcomes.

Question 6

Specific Phobias

Answer 6

A marked fear of, or anxiety, regarding a specific object or situation.

Question 7

Somatoform Disorder

Answer 7

Physical symptoms in the absence of a known physical pathology

Question 8

Social Anxiety Disorder

Answer 8

Marked or persistent fear of acting in an embarrassing or humiliating way in social or performance situations.

Question 9

Selective Mutism

Answer 9

Persistent failure to speak in select social settings despite possessing the ability to speak and speak comfortably in more familiar settings.

Question 10

Separation Anxiety

Answer 10

Anxiety regarding separation from a major attachment figure and/or home.

Question 11

School Refusal

Answer 11

Youth motivated: exhibit excessive anxiety regarding school attendance. Symptom of SAD: Separation Anxiety Disorder and is part of possible criteria : 8 symptom criteria.

Question 12

Functional Analysis

Answer 12

Classifying a disorder/behaviour problem/dysfunction (ex: School refusal) by its function that the behaviour serves rather than by symptoms.

Question 13

Truancy

Answer 13

Intermittent absentness/skipping of school without parental knowledge or permission (associated with conduct problems & lying)

Question 14

Panic Attack

Answer 14

A discrete period of intense fear or terror that has a sudden onset and reaches a peak quickly - within a few minutes.

They can be uncued - unexpected (spontaneous) or cued-triggered.

Four or more symptoms must be present during an episode:

1. cardiac reactions (e.g., rapid heart rate)
2. sweating
3. shaking or trembling
4. feeling short of breath or smothering
5. feeling as if choking
6. feeling chest discomfort or pain
7. feelings of abdominal distress or nausea
8. feeling faint or lightheaded
9. feeling chill or flushed
10. feeling numbness or tingling (parathesias)
11. feelings of unreality (derealization) or of being detached from oneself
    (depersonalization)
12. fear of “going crazy” or of losing control
13. fear of dying

Question 15

Panic Disorder

Answer 15

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks. Age of onset: typically adolescence (15 - 17)

To receive a DSM diagnosis of panic disorder, a month or more of one or both of the following must follow at least one of these attacks:

• persistent concern about having other panic attacks or worry about the
  implications of the attack (“going crazy,” having a heart attack)
• a significant maladaptive change in behavior related to attacks (e.g.,
  avoidance of situations).

Question 16

Trauma

Answer 16

An event outside everyday experience that would be distressing to almost anyone.

Question 17

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Answer 17

Intense psychological distress at exposure to the internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event.

Question 18

Acute Stress Disorder —ASD

Answer 18

The development of specific fear behaviors that last from 3 days to 1 month after a traumatic event.

Question 19

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Answer 19

The patient demonstrates a chronic pattern of being emotionally withdrawn and inhibited, which is demonstrated by rarely seeking or responsive to comfort when distressed

Question 20

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

Answer 20

A pattern of behavior in which a child actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults and exhibits at least two of the following: Reduced or absent reticence in approaching and interacting with unfamiliar adults.

Question 21

Adjustment Disorders

Answer 21

Excessive reactions to stress that involve negative thoughts, strong emotions and changes in behavior.

Question 22

Dissociation

Answer 22

Alterations in self-awareness.
Reactions include:

Depersonalization : Feeling cut off from one’s feelings and environment.

Derealization: A marked sense of unreality.

Question 24

Behavioural Inhibition

Question 25

Negative Affectivity

Answer 25

A temperamental dimension characterized by a general and persistent negative mood.

Question 26

Effortful Control

Answer 26

The ability to employ self-regulatory processes

Question 27

Overprotective/intrusive parenting

Answer 27

Parent-child interactions that anticipate threats overly regulate and limit children's activities, and instruct children in how to think and feel.

Question 28

Exposure

Answer 28

To anxiety-provoking situations is a central element of successful fear-reduction and anxiety treatment programs

Question 29

Relaxation training

Answer 29

Teaches individuals to be aware of their physiological and muscular reactions to anxiety and provides them with skills to control these reactions.

Question 30

Desensitization / systematic desensitization

Answer 30

When relaxation training is combined with exposure to feared situations,. Either via visualizations or in vivo - real life.

Question 31

Modeling

Answer 31

The youth observes another person interacting adaptively with the feared situation. The model can be live or symbolic (e.g., on film).

Question 32

Contingency management

Answer 32

Positively reinforced practise of exposure therapy.

Question 33

Exposure to response prevention

Answer 33

The child or adolescent is gradually exposed to the situation that causes anxiety and the compulsive ritual is prevented by helping the youngster resist the urge to perform the ritual.