Chapter 7: Mood Disorders Flashcards
Masked Depression
When the sad mood and other features usually considered essential to the diagnosis of depression frequently were not present and the presence of underlying depression becomes masked by other problems sex: hyperactivity).
Unipolar Mood Disorder
One mood is experienced, typically depression.
Bipolar
Both moods are experienced, depression and mania.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
The presence of one or more
major depressive episodes, in which 5 or more of the symptoms listed should be present in which one is either depressed (irritable) mood or loss of interest/pleasure and must be present for at-least two weeks
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Chronic: Depressed mood (irritable mood in children/adolescents) is present for at least one year (2 years in adults) + 2 or more of the listed symptoms.
Double Depression
Both chronic and dysthymia major depressive episodes are present.
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Symptoms of persistent irritability and frequent outbursts - introduced as a solution to overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder.
Cortisol
Stress hormone produced in adrenal glands
Negative Affectivity
Tendency to experience negative emotions, be sensitive to negative stimuli, and be wary and vigilant.
Positive Affectivity
Approach, energy, sociability, and sensitivity to reward cues.
Learned Helplessness
Some individuals, as a result of learning behaviour, come to perceive themselves as having little control of their environment.
Attributional / explanatory style
How the person thinks about activity’s and outcome: Behaviour and reward/punishment (ex: learned helplessness).
Cognitive distortions in depressed youth
They exhibit a tendency to catastrophize, overgeneralize, personalize, and selectively attend to negative events.
Cognitive restricting
The approach of challenging and changing problematic cognitions in CBT.
SSRI’s
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors : Aka Fluoxetine & paroxetine / 2nd generation antidepressants: bupropion & venlafaxine
More effective than TCA’s - 1st widely used antidepressants.
Prevent the reabsorption of
serotonin and, thus, more serotonin is available to the brain.
Remission
No longer meeting diagnostic criteria or cutoff scores.
Behavioural Activation
Activities that encourage the participants to be active and do pleasant things.
Bipolar & Related Disorders
Describes disorders that involve the presence of mania as well as depressive symptoms.
Mania
A period of abnormally persistently elevated or irritable mood and increased energy or activity that is also persistent.
Manic episode criteria: one week or longer + 3/4 (4 if the mood is only irritable) symptom’s
Euphoric Mood
Elevated mood in mania.
Features include;
+ Inflated self-esteem
+ High rate of activity; speech, thinking, distractibility
+ Exaggerated feelings of physical and mental well-being.
Children may exhibit happiness or “goofiness” that is excessive or inappropriate to the situation or the child’s developmental level.
Bipolar I and Bipolar II Disorder
Bipolar I: 1 or more manic episodes and typically a history of major depression.
Bipolar II: History of major depression and hypomania.
Hypomania
A euphoric mood that is of shorter duration (4 consecutive days) and less severe than a manic episode.
Hypo = prefix = beneath/sub normal
Hypo + mania = Beneath the normal duration period of mania
Subsyndromal
Individuals with symptoms of the disorder that do not meet diagnostic criteria.
