Chapter 7: Mood Disorders

Question 1

Masked Depression

Answer 1

When the sad mood and other features usually considered essential to the diagnosis of depression frequently were not present and the presence of underlying depression becomes masked by other problems sex: hyperactivity).

Question 2

Unipolar Mood Disorder

Answer 2

One mood is experienced, typically depression.

Question 3

Bipolar

Answer 3

Both moods are experienced, depression and mania.

Question 4

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Answer 4

The presence of one or more
major depressive episodes, in which 5 or more of the symptoms listed should be present in which one is either depressed (irritable) mood or loss of interest/pleasure and must be present for at-least two weeks

Question 5

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Answer 5

Chronic: Depressed mood (irritable mood in children/adolescents) is present for at least one year (2 years in adults) + 2 or more of the listed symptoms.

Question 6

Double Depression

Answer 6

Both chronic and dysthymia major depressive episodes are present.

Question 7

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Answer 7

Symptoms of persistent irritability and frequent outbursts - introduced as a solution to overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder.

Question 8

Cortisol

Answer 8

Stress hormone produced in adrenal glands

Question 9

Negative Affectivity

Answer 9

Tendency to experience negative emotions, be sensitive to negative stimuli, and be wary and vigilant.

Question 10

Positive Affectivity

Answer 10

Approach, energy, sociability, and sensitivity to reward cues.

Question 11

Learned Helplessness

Answer 11

Some individuals, as a result of learning behaviour, come to perceive themselves as having little control of their environment.

Question 12

Attributional / explanatory style

Answer 12

How the person thinks about activity’s and outcome: Behaviour and reward/punishment (ex: learned helplessness).

Question 13

Cognitive distortions in depressed youth

Answer 13

They exhibit a tendency to catastrophize, overgeneralize, personalize, and selectively attend to negative events.

Question 14

Cognitive restricting

Answer 14

The approach of challenging and changing problematic cognitions in CBT.

Question 15

SSRI’s

Answer 15

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors : Aka Fluoxetine & paroxetine / 2nd generation antidepressants: bupropion & venlafaxine

More effective than TCA’s - 1st widely used antidepressants.

Prevent the reabsorption of
serotonin and, thus, more serotonin is available to the brain.

Question 16

Remission

Answer 16

No longer meeting diagnostic criteria or cutoff scores.

Question 17

Behavioural Activation

Answer 17

Activities that encourage the participants to be active and do pleasant things.

Question 18

Bipolar & Related Disorders

Answer 18

Describes disorders that involve the presence of mania as well as depressive symptoms.

Question 19

Mania

Answer 19

A period of abnormally persistently elevated or irritable mood and increased energy or activity that is also persistent.

Manic episode criteria: one week or longer + 3/4 (4 if the mood is only irritable) symptom’s

Question 20

Euphoric Mood

Answer 20

Elevated mood in mania.

Features include;
+ Inflated self-esteem
+ High rate of activity; speech, thinking, distractibility
+ Exaggerated feelings of physical and mental well-being.

Children may exhibit happiness or “goofiness” that is excessive or inappropriate to the situation or the child’s developmental level.

Question 21

Bipolar I and Bipolar II Disorder

Answer 21

Bipolar I: 1 or more manic episodes and typically a history of major depression.

Bipolar II: History of major depression and hypomania.

Question 22

Hypomania

Answer 22

A euphoric mood that is of shorter duration (4 consecutive days) and less severe than a manic episode.

Hypo = prefix = beneath/sub normal

Hypo + mania = Beneath the normal duration period of mania

Question 23

Subsyndromal

Answer 23

Individuals with symptoms of the disorder that do not meet diagnostic criteria.