Chapter 8: Conduct Problems Flashcards
Externalizing
Problems that tend to place young people in conflict with others.
Traits: disruptive, impulsive, under-controlled, oppositional, antisocial.
Conduct problems
Disruptive/anti-social behavioural problems.
Delinquency
Used in the criminal justice system to describe youth who exhibit conduct problems/antisocial behaviour.
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Recurring and frequent behavioural verbal and/or physical outbursts.
- Should not be for those below 6 or if the behaviour is better explained by another disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)
Individuals who display a persistent pattern of aggressive and antisocial behaviour after the age of 18.
A pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others.
Individual must have met or evidence that they would have met criteria for Conduct Disorder before 15 years of age.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder: ODD
3 categories
1. angry/irritable mood,
2. argumentative/defiant behavior
3. vindictiveness.
In order to receive a
diagnosis of ODD a young person must frequently (beyond what is normative
for the youth’s age, gender, and culture)
Display at least four of the symptoms.
Conduct Disorder
More seriously aggressive and
antisocial behaviors.
Habitually violate the rights of others, and will not conform their behavior to the law or social norms appropriate for their age.
4 categories to characterize the disorder
- Aggression to people and animals
- Destruction of property
- Deceitfulness or theft
- Serious violations of rules
Note: lack of guilt empathy, concern = “callous unemotional traits’
3 symptoms needed for diagnosis
2 syndromes by Achenbach for externalizing behaviour syndrome
- Aggressive behaviour
- Rule breaking behaviour
Overt vs covert confrontational behaviour
-Overt: Fighting, temper tantrums, oppositional
-Covert: Fire setting, stealing, truancy
Relational aggression
(more prominent with girls)
For example: Girls’ attempts to harm others may focus on relational issues—behaviors intended to damage another individual’s
feelings or friend-ships.
Violence
An extreme form of physical aggression and cause serious harm to others.
Bullying
An imbalance of power and involves intentionally and repeatedly causing fear, distress, or harm to someone who has difficulty defending him/herself.
Childhood - onset development pattern
Psychopathy
Is a characteristic associated with antisocial personality disorder and is described as a pattern of traits such as a lack of empathy; a
deceitful, arrogant, manipulative interpersonal style; and an impulsive and
irresponsible behavioral style.
Loeber’s 3-Pthway Model for Antisocial Behaviour
- an overt pathway starting with minor aggression, followed by physical
fighting, followed by violence; - a covert pathway starting with minor covert behaviors, followed by
property damage, and then moderate to serious delinquency; and - an authority conflict pathway prior to age 12, consisting of a sequence of
stubborn behavior, defiance, and authority avoidance.
Parent Management
Training— Oregon Model. ‘
Parenting training in this model seeks to both reduce coercive parenting practices and improve positive parenting practices.
Parental Monitoring
Child behavior is also important to prevent the
development and persistence over time of antisocial behavior.
The amount of
time a child spends unsupervised by parents increases with age.
The amount of
unsupervised time also is positively correlated with antisocial behavior
Patterson described
Treatment families as having little information about their children’s whereabouts, whom the children were with, what they were doing, or
when they would be home.
Reactive Aggression
An angry (“hot-blooded”)
retaliatory response to a perceived provocation or frustration.
Proactive Aggression
Is generally not associated with anger and is
characterized by deliberate aversive behaviors (starting fights, bullying,
teasing) that are oriented to specific goals or supported by positive
environmental outcomes.
Gray’s Theory of Brain systems
- Behavioural inhibition system :
related to the emotions of fear and anxiety,
and tends to inhibit action in novel or fearful situations or under conditions of
punishment or nonreward. - Behavioural activation/approach system :
The BAS tends to activate behavior in the presence of reinforcement; it is associated with reward seeking and pleasurable
emotions.
Quay (1993) suggested that an underactive
behavioral inhibition system (BIS) combined with an overactive reward system
(BAS) may be implicated in the genesis of persistent aggressive conduct
disorders.
Flight/Fight system : Gray
It is proposed to mediate defensive
reactions under conditions of frustration, punishment, or pain.
Thus, stimuli that
are viewed as threatening would activate the F/F system.
Certain youths, such as
those with conduct-disordered behavior, may have a reduced threshold for F/F responding.
Illicit vs. licit drugs
Illicit = illegal
licit = legal
Substance Use Disorder
a pattern of behavioral, cognitive,
and physiological symptoms that indicate that the individual continues to use the
substance despite appreciable substance-related problems.
The diagnostic
criteria used to describe this pattern of symptoms cluster into four groups:
- impaired control over substance use
- social impairment (e.g., interpersonal, school)
- risky use
- pharmacological criteria (tolerance, withdrawal).
Substance Induced Disorder
Include conditions of intoxication, withdrawal, and other mental disorders (e.g.,
depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, bipolar, and related disorders) that are
due to the recent use of a particular substance
