Chapter 8: Conduct Problems

Question 1

Externalizing

Answer 1

Problems that tend to place young people in conflict with others.

Traits: disruptive, impulsive, under-controlled, oppositional, antisocial.

Question 2

Conduct problems

Answer 2

Disruptive/anti-social behavioural problems.

Question 3

Delinquency

Answer 3

Used in the criminal justice system to describe youth who exhibit conduct problems/antisocial behaviour.

Question 4

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Answer 4

Recurring and frequent behavioural verbal and/or physical outbursts.

• Should not be for those below 6 or if the behaviour is better explained by another disorder

Question 5

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)

Answer 5

Individuals who display a persistent pattern of aggressive and antisocial behaviour after the age of 18.

A pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others.

Individual must have met or evidence that they would have met criteria for Conduct Disorder before 15 years of age.

Question 6

Oppositional Defiant Disorder: ODD

Answer 6

3 categories
1. angry/irritable mood,
2. argumentative/defiant behavior
3. vindictiveness.

In order to receive a
diagnosis of ODD a young person must frequently (beyond what is normative
for the youth’s age, gender, and culture)

Display at least four of the symptoms.

Question 7

Conduct Disorder

Answer 7

More seriously aggressive and
antisocial behaviors.

Habitually violate the rights of others, and will not conform their behavior to the law or social norms appropriate for their age.

4 categories to characterize the disorder

• Aggression to people and animals
• Destruction of property
• Deceitfulness or theft
• Serious violations of rules

Note: lack of guilt empathy, concern = “callous unemotional traits’

3 symptoms needed for diagnosis

Question 8

2 syndromes by Achenbach for externalizing behaviour syndrome

Answer 8

1. Aggressive behaviour
2. Rule breaking behaviour

Question 9

Overt vs covert confrontational behaviour

Answer 9

-Overt: Fighting, temper tantrums, oppositional
-Covert: Fire setting, stealing, truancy

Question 10

Relational aggression
(more prominent with girls)

Answer 10

For example: Girls’ attempts to harm others may focus on relational issues—behaviors intended to damage another individual’s
feelings or friend-ships.

Question 11

Violence

Answer 11

An extreme form of physical aggression and cause serious harm to others.

Question 12

Bullying

Answer 12

An imbalance of power and involves intentionally and repeatedly causing fear, distress, or harm to someone who has difficulty defending him/herself.

Question 14

Childhood - onset development pattern

Question 15

Psychopathy

Answer 15

Is a characteristic associated with antisocial personality disorder and is described as a pattern of traits such as a lack of empathy; a
deceitful, arrogant, manipulative interpersonal style; and an impulsive and
irresponsible behavioral style.

Question 16

Loeber’s 3-Pthway Model for Antisocial Behaviour

Answer 16

• an overt pathway starting with minor aggression, followed by physical
  fighting, followed by violence;
• a covert pathway starting with minor covert behaviors, followed by
  property damage, and then moderate to serious delinquency; and
• an authority conflict pathway prior to age 12, consisting of a sequence of
  stubborn behavior, defiance, and authority avoidance.

Question 17

Parent Management
Training— Oregon Model. ‘

Answer 17

Parenting training in this model seeks to both reduce coercive parenting practices and improve positive parenting practices.

Question 18

Parental Monitoring

Answer 18

Child behavior is also important to prevent the
development and persistence over time of antisocial behavior.

The amount of
time a child spends unsupervised by parents increases with age.

The amount of
unsupervised time also is positively correlated with antisocial behavior

Question 19

Patterson described

Answer 19

Treatment families as having little information about their children’s whereabouts, whom the children were with, what they were doing, or
when they would be home.

Question 20

Reactive Aggression

Answer 20

An angry (“hot-blooded”)
retaliatory response to a perceived provocation or frustration.

Question 21

Proactive Aggression

Answer 21

Is generally not associated with anger and is
characterized by deliberate aversive behaviors (starting fights, bullying,
teasing) that are oriented to specific goals or supported by positive
environmental outcomes.

Question 22

Gray’s Theory of Brain systems

Answer 22

1. Behavioural inhibition system :
   related to the emotions of fear and anxiety,
   and tends to inhibit action in novel or fearful situations or under conditions of
   punishment or nonreward.
2. Behavioural activation/approach system :
   The BAS tends to activate behavior in the presence of reinforcement; it is associated with reward seeking and pleasurable
   emotions.

Quay (1993) suggested that an underactive
behavioral inhibition system (BIS) combined with an overactive reward system
(BAS) may be implicated in the genesis of persistent aggressive conduct
disorders.

Question 23

Flight/Fight system : Gray

Answer 23

It is proposed to mediate defensive
reactions under conditions of frustration, punishment, or pain.

Thus, stimuli that
are viewed as threatening would activate the F/F system.

Certain youths, such as
those with conduct-disordered behavior, may have a reduced threshold for F/F responding.

Question 24

Illicit vs. licit drugs

Answer 24

Illicit = illegal
licit = legal

Question 25

Substance Use Disorder

Answer 25

a pattern of behavioral, cognitive,
and physiological symptoms that indicate that the individual continues to use the
substance despite appreciable substance-related problems.

The diagnostic
criteria used to describe this pattern of symptoms cluster into four groups:

• impaired control over substance use
• social impairment (e.g., interpersonal, school)
• risky use
• pharmacological criteria (tolerance, withdrawal).

Question 26

Substance Induced Disorder

Answer 26

Include conditions of intoxication, withdrawal, and other mental disorders (e.g.,
depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, bipolar, and related disorders) that are
due to the recent use of a particular substance