Chapter 9- Acids & Bases Flashcards

1
Q

Acid

A

A chemical substance that donates a H+ to a solution

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2
Q

Base

A

Accepts H+ in a solution

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3
Q

Weak acid/base vs strong acid/base

A

Weak- partially dissociates when dissolved in water (less effect on pH)

Strong- completely 100% dissociates when dissolved in water (big impact on pH)

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4
Q

Weak acids

A
Thiopental
Barbiturates
Phenobarbital 
Methotrexate
TCAs
Aspirin
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5
Q

Weak bases

A

Local anesthetics:
Lidocaine
Amphetamine
Morphine

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6
Q

Ionized form

A

Water soluble (lipid insoluble)

Cannot cross cell membrane

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7
Q

Non-ionized form

A

Lipid soluble (water insoluble)

Can cross cell membrane

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8
Q

pKa

A

The pH at which 50% of drug is ionized and 50% is non-ionized (1:1)

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9
Q

When pH is less than pKa…

A

Increased HA (non-ionized form of acid) and BH+ (ionized form of base) predominate

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10
Q

When pH is greater than pKa…

A

Increased A- (ionized for of acid) and B (non-ionized form of base) predominate

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11
Q

Acidic drug + acidic media =?

A

Non-ionized form (lipid soluble)

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12
Q

Acidic drug + basic media =?

A

Ionized form (water soluble)

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13
Q

Basic drug + basic media =?

A

Non-ionized form (lipid soluble)

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14
Q

Basic drug + acidic media =?

A

Ionized form (water soluble)

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15
Q

Weak acid is stored in what?

A

High pH solution

Ionized form will not precipitate

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16
Q

Weak base is mixed and stored in what?

A

Low pH solution

Ionized form will not precipitate

17
Q

State of equilibrium

A

When there is balance b/w reactants and products

18
Q

Le Châtelier’s Principle

Law of Equilibrium

A

When a system in a state of dynamic equilibrium is disturbed, it will react to re-establish the equilibrium condition

(Compensation)

19
Q

“Ion trapping” drug elimination

A

Ionized species get trapped and cannot transport back to blood ➡️
Excreted in urine

20
Q

Treatment of aspirin overdose

A

Alkalinize the urine (increasing urinary pH) with NaHCO3

Ionized form will predominate and excrete in urine

21
Q

Most important ECF buffer

A

Bicarbonate

22
Q

Important renal tubular buffers?

A

Phosphate (HPO4-)

Ammonia (NH3 + H+= NH4+)

23
Q

Important intracellular buffers

A

Proteins

60-70% of buffering is done in the cells

24
Q

Treatment of amphetamine overdose

A

Acidify urine with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)

25
How do you get rid of NH3 in hepatic encephalopathy
I’m cirrhosis, lover unable to metabolize NH3 (base) Give lactulose, will convert into lactic acid Acid+base= ionized form (NH4+) Cannot reabsorb so gets excreted from gut