Chapter 2- Chemistry

Question 1

Atomic number (Z)

Answer 1

Number of protons

Question 2

Mass number (A)

Answer 2

Number of protons and neutrons

Question 3

Atomic weight

Answer 3

Average of the mass numbers of all isotopes of an element

Question 4

Isotope

Answer 4

Atoms with same atomic numbers but different atomic weights

Same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 5

Dalton’s Theory

Answer 5

Law of conservation of mass- no detectable change in total mass occurs during chemical reaction

Law of definite proportions- diff samples of a pure compound contain same ratio of elements

Question 6

Aluminum

Answer 6

Antiperspirants and antacids

Question 7

Barium

Answer 7

Radio opaque

Barium enema

Question 8

Calcium

Answer 8

Excitation and contraction of muscles
Blood clotting (factor IV)

Question 9

Carbon

Answer 9

Organic compounds

Activated charcoal to absorb toxic material

Question 10

Chlorine

Answer 10

Disinfectant as sodium hypochlorite Clorox

Question 11

Copper

Answer 11

Wilson’s disease

High copper accumulate in brain causing AMD

Question 12

Fluorine

Answer 12

Strengthens teeth
Present in inhalation anesthetics
Isoflurane, enflurane

Question 13

Helium

Answer 13

Coolant in MRI

Question 14

Hydrogen

Answer 14

Most abundant atom

Responsible for pH

Question 15

Iodine

Answer 15

Topical antiseptic

Required for synthesis of thyroid hormones

Question 16

Iron

Answer 16

Fe++ ferrous Fe+++ ferric
Transportation of oxygen in hgb
Methoglobinemia- blood disorder in which too little O2 delivered to cells

Anesthetics cause by changing from ferrous to ferric bad

Tx: methylene blue

Question 17

Lithium

Answer 17

For bipolar disorder

Question 18

Magnesium

Answer 18

Mag sulfate

Question 19

Mercury

Answer 19

Used in sphygmomanometers and thermometers

Question 20

Nitrogen

Answer 20

80% of air

Nitrous oxide

Question 21

Oxygen

Answer 21

20% of air
Production of ATP
O3 ozone protects skin

Question 22

Phosphorus

Answer 22

Present in DNA, RNA, ATP

Question 23

Potassium

Answer 23

Most abundant intracellular ion

Muscle contraction

Question 24

Sodium

Answer 24

Most abundant extracellular ion

Determines plasma osmolarity and volume

Question 25

Silicon

Answer 25

Breast implants

Question 26

Silver

Answer 26

Dental filling

Question 27

Sulfur

Answer 27

Found in cytochrome oxidase

Question 28

Titanium

Answer 28

Prosthetic implants

Question 29

Zinc

Answer 29

Calamine lotion and sun blocks zinc oxide

Question 30

Ionic bonds

Answer 30

Transfer electrons

Anions and cations

Question 31

Covalent bonds

Answer 31

Share electrons

No polar- shared equally
Polar- unequal sharing

Question 32

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 32

Weak attractions the form between partially charged atoms found in polar molecules

Tend to collapse lung without surfactant

Question 33

Avagadro’s number

Answer 33

6.02x 10^23