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CRNA- Physical & Biophysical Sciences > Chapter 2- Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Atomic number (Z)

A

Number of protons

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2
Q

Mass number (A)

A

Number of protons and neutrons

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3
Q

Atomic weight

A

Average of the mass numbers of all isotopes of an element

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4
Q

Isotope

A

Atoms with same atomic numbers but different atomic weights

Same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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5
Q

Dalton’s Theory

A

Law of conservation of mass- no detectable change in total mass occurs during chemical reaction

Law of definite proportions- diff samples of a pure compound contain same ratio of elements

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6
Q

Aluminum

A

Antiperspirants and antacids

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7
Q

Barium

A

Radio opaque

Barium enema

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8
Q

Calcium

A 
Excitation and contraction of muscles
Blood clotting (factor IV)
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9
Q

Carbon

A

Organic compounds

Activated charcoal to absorb toxic material

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10
Q

Chlorine

A

Disinfectant as sodium hypochlorite Clorox

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11
Q

Copper

A

Wilson’s disease

High copper accumulate in brain causing AMD

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12
Q

Fluorine

A

Strengthens teeth
Present in inhalation anesthetics
Isoflurane, enflurane

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13
Q

Helium

A

Coolant in MRI

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14
Q

Hydrogen

A

Most abundant atom

Responsible for pH

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15
Q

Iodine

A

Topical antiseptic

Required for synthesis of thyroid hormones

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16
Q

Iron

A

Fe++ ferrous Fe+++ ferric
Transportation of oxygen in hgb
Methoglobinemia- blood disorder in which too little O2 delivered to cells

Anesthetics cause by changing from ferrous to ferric bad

Tx: methylene blue

17
Q

Lithium

A

For bipolar disorder

18
Q

Magnesium

A

Mag sulfate

19
Q

Mercury

A

Used in sphygmomanometers and thermometers

20
Q

Nitrogen

A

80% of air

Nitrous oxide

21
Q

Oxygen

A

20% of air
Production of ATP
O3 ozone protects skin

22
Q

Phosphorus

A

Present in DNA, RNA, ATP

23
Q

Potassium

A

Most abundant intracellular ion

Muscle contraction

24
Q

Sodium

A

Most abundant extracellular ion

Determines plasma osmolarity and volume

25
Q

Silicon

A

Breast implants

26
Q

Silver

A

Dental filling

27
Q

Sulfur

A

Found in cytochrome oxidase

28
Q

Titanium

A

Prosthetic implants

29
Q

Zinc

A

Calamine lotion and sun blocks zinc oxide

30
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Transfer electrons

Anions and cations

31
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Share electrons

No polar- shared equally
Polar- unequal sharing

32
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Weak attractions the form between partially charged atoms found in polar molecules

Tend to collapse lung without surfactant

33
Q

Avagadro’s number

A

6.02x 10^23

CRNA- Physical & Biophysical Sciences (10 decks)

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