Chapter 7 Flashcards
Boiling point
The temp at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure exerted on liquid by its surroundings
Water boiling point is 100°C b/c this is the temp at which the vapor pressure of water is 760mmHg or 1 atm
🔺H°(vap)
Molar enthalpy of vaporization
The heat required to convert one mole of liquid to a gas at its normal boiling point
🔺H°(fus)
Molar enthalpy of fusion
The heat required to convert one mole of a solid to a liquid at its normal melting point
Solid to liquid
Melting
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Liquid to gas
Vaporization
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Gas to solid
Deposition
Intermolecular forces
Attractive forces between molecules or atoms or ions
Hold DNA molecules in a helix and are the mechanism for DNA transcription
Electronegativity
The tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself
Dipole-Dipole Attraction
The attraction between the opposite (partial) charges of polar molecules
London forces
Some non-polar molecules induce dipole bonding Also called Van der Waal’s forces Created by instantaneous dipoles Much weaker Get stronger with larger atoms/molecules
Hydrogen bonding
Stronger than Dipole
The attraction b/w a hydrogen bonded directly to an O, N, or F & another electronegative atom
Surface tension
Asymmetrical forces acting at an air/water interface produce a net force acting to decrease surface area
Vapor pressure
The pressure exerted by molecules once they are free as gases
Saturated vapor pressure
The pressure at which the gaseous state is in equilibrium with either the liquid state, solid state or both
At boiling point, the SVP = atmospheric pressure
