Chapter 9 Flashcards
Define Enzyme
A catalyst used to help speed up chemical reactions.
What does food provide living things with?
The chemical building blocks it needs to grow and reproduce.
Glucose Formula
C6H12O6
Define Calorie
The amount of energy needed to rais the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celcius.
Define Kilocalorie
Food or 1,000 calories.
Glycolysis
Releases a small amount of energy-burning glucose usually with oxygen.
Process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound.
Cellular Respiration
The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
Cellular Respiration Formula
6O² + C⁶H¹²O⁶ > 6CO² + 6H²O +ATP
ATP
Energy molecule.
Anaerobic
It does not require oxygen.
Fermentation
Releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP without O².
List the two types of acid.
Alcoholic and lactic.
What does lactic acid cause?
Lactic Acid bulls up in muscles causing a painful burning sensation.
Prokaryote
No nucleus.
List two foods that prokaryotes make?
Cheese, yogurt, cottage cheese, and buttermilk.
Aerobic
Contains oxygen.
Krebs Cycle
Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions.
Electron Transport
Uses the high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP.
Eukaryote
It contains a nucleus.
Mitochondrion
The powerhouse of the cell.
Produces ATP.
How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose in the Krebs cycle and electron transport?
Krebs cycle and electron transport produce roughly 36 ATP molecules per glucose.
What % of energy goes to heat?
62% of energy goes to heat.
How do you get rid of lactic acid?
The only way to get rid of lactic acid is in a chemical pathway that requires extra oxygen.
What is the only way to produce a continuous supply of ATP?
For exercise longer than 90 seconds, cellular respiration is the only way to produce a continuous supply of ATP.
How long can muscles store energy in glycogen? What happens after that?
Muscles store energy in glycogen which is usually enough for 15 to 20 minutes.
After that, they start breaking down fat.
What are photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just opposite reactions.
List three differences.
Photosynthesis “deposits” the energy.
Cellular respiration “withdraws” the energy.
P takes CO² in and CR releases it.
P is only in plants, algae, and some bacteria.
CR is in all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes.
