Chapter 9

Question 1

Define Enzyme

Answer 1

A catalyst used to help speed up chemical reactions.

Question 2

What does food provide living things with?

Answer 2

The chemical building blocks it needs to grow and reproduce.

Question 3

Glucose Formula

Answer 3

C6H12O6

Question 4

Define Calorie

Answer 4

The amount of energy needed to rais the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celcius.

Question 5

Define Kilocalorie

Answer 5

Food or 1,000 calories.

Question 6

Glycolysis

Answer 6

Releases a small amount of energy-burning glucose usually with oxygen.
Process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound.

Question 7

Cellular Respiration

Answer 7

The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

Question 8

Cellular Respiration Formula

Answer 8

6O² + C⁶H¹²O⁶ > 6CO² + 6H²O +ATP

Question 9

ATP

Answer 9

Energy molecule.

Question 10

Anaerobic

Answer 10

It does not require oxygen.

Question 11

Fermentation

Answer 11

Releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP without O².

Question 12

List the two types of acid.

Answer 12

Alcoholic and lactic.

Question 13

What does lactic acid cause?

Answer 13

Lactic Acid bulls up in muscles causing a painful burning sensation.

Question 14

Prokaryote

Answer 14

No nucleus.

Question 15

List two foods that prokaryotes make?

Answer 15

Cheese, yogurt, cottage cheese, and buttermilk.

Question 16

Aerobic

Answer 16

Contains oxygen.

Question 17

Krebs Cycle

Answer 17

Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions.

Question 18

Electron Transport

Answer 18

Uses the high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP.

Question 19

Eukaryote

Answer 19

It contains a nucleus.

Question 20

Mitochondrion

Answer 20

The powerhouse of the cell.

Produces ATP.

Question 21

How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose in the Krebs cycle and electron transport?

Answer 21

Krebs cycle and electron transport produce roughly 36 ATP molecules per glucose.

Question 22

What % of energy goes to heat?

Answer 22

62% of energy goes to heat.

Question 23

How do you get rid of lactic acid?

Answer 23

The only way to get rid of lactic acid is in a chemical pathway that requires extra oxygen.

Question 24

What is the only way to produce a continuous supply of ATP?

Answer 24

For exercise longer than 90 seconds, cellular respiration is the only way to produce a continuous supply of ATP.

Question 25

How long can muscles store energy in glycogen? What happens after that?

Answer 25

Muscles store energy in glycogen which is usually enough for 15 to 20 minutes.
After that, they start breaking down fat.

Question 26

What are photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Answer 26

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just opposite reactions.

Question 27

List three differences.

Answer 27

Photosynthesis “deposits” the energy.
Cellular respiration “withdraws” the energy.
P takes CO² in and CR releases it.
P is only in plants, algae, and some bacteria.
CR is in all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes.