Chapter 7 Flashcards
When were cells really understood?
When the microscope was invented.
Where did cells get their name?
Called cells because they look like monk rooms.
Cell
The basic unit of life.
Cell Theory
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function.
New cells are produced from existing cells.
What has helped study the cell?
New technologies.
TEM
It can look at cell structures and large proteins.
SEM
It can give 3D images.
Scanning Probe
Scans the surface of a specimen.
Prokaryote
The cell does not contain a nucleus.
Smaller and simple.
Mostly Bacteria.
Eukaryote
Cells that have a nucleus.
Usually larger and more complex.
What is eukaryote like?
A factory.
Organelles
“Little Organisms”
Nucleus
Control Center
Contains DNA.
Nuclear Envelope
Surrounds the nucleus and only lets certain material in.
Chromatin
Lunchroom
Chromosomes
Seating Chart
Nucleolus
A small, dense region full of ribosomes to make proteins.
Ribosomes
“Factory” for making proteins.
ER
Packages lipids, proteins, and other materials.
Rough ER
Contains ribosomes.
Smooth ER
It mostly contains enzymes.
Enzyme
Proteins that speed up a chemical reaction.
Golgi Apparatus
The function is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials for storage or secretion.
Lysosomes
Clean up and digestion crew.
Vacuoles
Sack-like structures for storage.
Mitochondria
The powerhouse of the cell. Produces ATP (energy molecule).
Chloroplast
In-plant cells.
Capture sunlight and convert it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.
It contains a green pigment called chlorophyll.
Contain their own DNA.
Cytoplasm
Gives shape and internal organization.
Microfilaments
The framework of a cell.
Microtubials
Maintain cell shape and movement.
Cilla
Small, more abundant.
Flagella
Longer, less abundant.
Cell Membrane
Every cell contains it.
Cell Wall
The main function is support and protection.
What kind of environment does every cell live in?
Liquid
Concentration
Mass of solute in a given volume of solution.
Equilibrium
The concentration of solute is the same throughout.
Passive Transport
Moving without using energy.
Diffusion
Movement of high to low concentration without using energy.
Osmosis
Diffusion of water.
Isotonic
Same on both sides of the cell.
Hypertonic
High concentration in the cell, causes water to leave the cell.
Hypotonic
Lower concentration in the cell, causes water to enter the cell.
What does osmotic pressure cause?
The movement of water and other materials.
Facilitated Diffusion
Helping material from high to low concentration.
Active Transport
Moving material from high to low concentration using energy.
Endocytosis
Taking material into a cell.
Phagocytosis
“Cell Eating”
Pinocytosis
“Cell Drinking”
Exocytosis
Taking material out of a cell.
Unicellular
Single-cell.
Multicellular
Multiple cells.
Cell Specialization
Cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks.
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
Transport oxygen.
Levels of Organization in a Multicellular Organism
Cells: Basic unit of life.
Tissues: Group of cells that have a specific function.
Organs: Group of tissues that have a certain job.
Organ System: Group of organs that have a specific function.
Organism: Living thing.
