Chapter 8 Flashcards
Energy
Ability to do work.
Living things depend on it.
Autotrophs
Make their own food.
Heterotrophs
Go get their food.
What forms can energy come in?
Light, heat, electricity, or stored in chemical bonds.
What do living things use?
Living things use chemical fuels to store and release energy by forming or breaking bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
ATP=
ADP+Energy
What is used through active transport?
Use active transport through the sodium-potassium pump.
What does the sodium-potassium pump, pump?
Na+ions out and K+ions in.
What does ATP help?
Protein synthesis and nucleic acids, produce light and send chemical signals.
Is ATP or Glucose better at storing energy?
Glucose
Photosynthesis
Plants use energy from sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy carbohydrates and oxygen.
Photosynthesis Formula
6CO2+6H2O+Light > C6H12O6+602
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light >Glucose + Oxygen
What did the experiments show?
Van Helmont’s experiment: Proved water was used in growing plant mass.
Priestley’s experiment: Found out plants release oxygen.
Jan Ingenhousz: Showed light was necessary for plants to produce oxygen.
What did the experiments lead to?
The experiments performed led to work by other scientists who finally discovered that in the presence of light, plants transform carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and release oxygen.
What else does photosynthesis require?
Light and chlorophyll in chloroplasts.
How do plants gather the sun’s energy?
With light-absorbing molecules called pigments.
Thylakoids
Sac-like photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts
Grana
Arranged in stacks.
Photosystems
Proteins organize chlorophyll and their pigments into these.
Light-Independent Reaction
Sunlight gives electrons a lot of energy.
Electron Transport
Uses carrier electrons.
NADP+ accepts and holds what?
NADP+ accepts and holds 2 high energy electrons with an H+.
Light-dependent Reactions
Produce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP+ into energy carriers ATP and NADPH.
ATP Synthase
Allows H+ions to pass in and out of the cell membrane.
Calvin Cycle
Uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars.
