Chapter 9

Question 1

more or less chromosomes than normal

Answer 1

aneuploidy

Question 2

single chromosomes, not full sets

Answer 2

aneuploidy

Question 3

homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to seperate correctly in meiosis

Answer 3

nondisjunction

Question 4

main cause of aneuploidy

Answer 4

nondisjunction

Question 5

homologous chromosomes exchange unequal pieces of each other

Answer 5

duplication and deletion

Question 6

one has more dna the other has less

Answer 6

duplication and deletion

Question 7

fragment removed

Answer 7

deletion

Question 8

extra fragment added

Answer 8

duplication

Question 9

chromosomal fragments flip-flop and placed out of order

Answer 9

inversions

Question 10

2 non-homologous chromosomes exchange pieces

Answer 10

translocation

Question 11

passing of traits from generation to generation

Answer 11

heredity

Question 12

study of physical inheritance in living things

Answer 12

genetics

Question 13

a feature that varies between individuals

Answer 13

character

Question 14

the varient of each character

Answer 14

trait

Question 15

father of genetics

Answer 15

gregor mendel

Question 16

mendels 4 main hypothesis

Answer 16

1. basic unit of genetics are material elements
2. elements are in pairs
3. elements retain their character through many generations
4. gene pairs separate during formation of gametes.

Question 17

pea in latin

Answer 17

pisum sativum

Question 18

identical offspring

Answer 18

self pollination

Question 19

pollen comes from different plant

Answer 19

cross pollination

Question 20

trait is visable

Answer 20

dominant

Question 21

trait masked by a dominant gene

Answer 21

recessive

Question 22

physical feature that is seen

Answer 22

phenotype

Question 23

genetic code

Answer 23

genotype

Question 24

alternate forms of genes

Answer 24

alleles

Question 25

differing characters in organisms result from 2 alleles that separate during gamete formation

Answer 25

law of segregation

Question 26

two identical alleles of a gene for a given characteristic

Answer 26

homozygous

Question 27

differing alleles for a characteristic

Answer 27

heterozygous

Question 28

autosomal dominant disorders

Answer 28

huntingtons disease and polydactyly

Question 29

looking at one trait during cross over

Answer 29

monohybrid

Question 30

looking at 2 traits during cross over

Answer 30

dihybrid

Question 31

found in nature

Answer 31

wild-type traits

Question 32

every chromosome except X and Y

Answer 32

autosome

Question 33

recessive dysfunction of an allele on an autosome

Answer 33

recessive autosomal genetic disorders

Question 34

dominant dysfunction of an allele on an autosome

Answer 34

dominant autosomal disorder

Question 35

sickle cell animia

Answer 35

recessive autosomal

Question 36

huntingtons

Answer 36

dominant autosomal

Question 37

red cells clog up and poorly transport

Answer 37

sickle cell

Question 38

intermediate between both homozygote phenotype

Answer 38

heterozygote phenotype

Question 39

alleles of the same gene have…

Answer 39

independent effects

Question 40

an organism has 2 alleles with different phenotype effects

Answer 40

codominance

Question 41

one gene has many effects

Answer 41

pleiotropy

Question 42

multiple genes have a small effect on each trait

Answer 42

polygenic inheritance

Question 43

Why are peas a good model for genetics

Answer 43

similar to human embryo