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chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

cells arise from other cells through replication

A

mitosis

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2
Q

outer lining of all cells

A

plasma membrane

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3
Q

flexible, chemically active outer lining of cell

A

plasma membrane

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4
Q

comprised of phospholipids with interspersed molecules

A

plasma membrane

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5
Q

DNA

A

chromosomes

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6
Q

protein production

A

ribosomes

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7
Q

area inside the cell

A

cytoplasm

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8
Q

do prokaryotes have a nucleus?

A

NO

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9
Q

where does DNA coil in a prokaryote

A

nucleoid

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10
Q

prokaryotes ribosomes vs eukaryotes

A

smaller more basic

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11
Q

provides protection for prokaryotic cells

A

cell wall

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12
Q

sticky outer coat

A

capsule

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13
Q

movement and attachment of prokaryotic cells

A

cell projections

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14
Q

make up every complex living thing

A

eukaryotic cells

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15
Q

main parts of a eukaryotic cell

A

genetic control
organelles of metabolism
organelles of energy processing
cytoskeleton

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16
Q

nucleus and ribosomes in eukaryotic cells

A

genetic control

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17
Q

rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), golgi complex, lysosome, vaculoes and peroxisomes

A

organelles of metabolism

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18
Q

parts of organelles of metabolism

A 
RER and SER
Golgi complex
Lysosome
Vaculoes
Peroxisomes
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19
Q

mitochondria and cholorplasts

A

organelles of energy processing

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20
Q

internal support system of a eukaryotic cell

A

cytoskeleton

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21
Q

what do both plant cells and animal cells contain?

A

Nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, SER, RER, cytosol, and plasma membrane

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22
Q

plants do NOT have

A

lysosomes or centrioles

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23
Q

plant cells DO have

A

central vaculoe
thick cell walls
choloroplasts

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24
Q

holds all information (DNA)

A

nucleus

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25
Q

DNA wound around proteins

A

chromatin

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26
Q

the nuclear envelope wraps around….

A

phospholipid bilayer

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27
Q

seperates nucleus from cytosol

A

nuclear envelope

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28
Q

holes in nuclear envelope

A

nuclear pores

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29
Q

allow RNA and other information to pass

A

nuclear pores

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30
Q

located in nucleus

A

nucleolus

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31
Q

produces ribosomal RNA (rRNA)/ make up ribosomes

A

nucleolus

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32
Q

protein synthesis using “code” from DNA

A

ribosomes

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33
Q

made up of RNA

A

ribosomes

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34
Q

where are ribosomes located?

A

free or attached to RER

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35
Q

using mRNA to code for proteins

A

translation

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36
Q

protein synthesis

A

translation

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37
Q

what does translation

38
Q

make a chain to form polypeptide chains

A

amino acids

39
Q

what do ribosomes match the mRNA code to

A

codons (for amino acids that build proteins)

40
Q

processes materials

A

endomembrane system

41
Q

what in the endomembrane system transfers materials

A

vesicles (bubble taxis)

42
Q

what makes up the endomembrane system

A 
ER
Golgi
Lysosomes
Vaculoes
Plasma Membrane
43
Q

what do transport vesicles do with finished proteins

A

move from RER to Golgi complex

44
Q

aids with translation

45
Q

why is it rough RER

A

embedded with ribosomes

46
Q

process short piece of mRNA

47
Q

make more membrane

48
Q

where do ribosomes drop polypeptide chains

A

into internal spaces of RER

49
Q

fold chains becoming proteins

50
Q

synthesize lipids and detoxify harmful substances

51
Q

store calcium for muscle and nervous functions

52
Q

does NOT participate in protein synthesis

53
Q

Responsible for making steroids

54
Q

process and distribute proteins

A

Golgi complex

55
Q

add chemical tags like phosphate

A

golgi complex

56
Q

where do proteins go after golgi

57
Q

recylcing and garbage center of cell

58
Q

digests food in protists

59
Q

digests warn out cell parts and foreign particles

60
Q

filled with acids and enzymes to break particles down

61
Q

do animals have a central vaculoe

A

NO PLANTS ONLY

62
Q

similar to animals lysosome

A

central vaculoe

63
Q

stores nutrients and degrades wastes with specialized digestive enzymes

A

central vaculoe

64
Q

help SER and lysosomes

A

peroxisomes

65
Q

why do peroxisomes produce hydrogen peroxide

A

to convert toxins to water

66
Q

turns glucose into a form of energy our bodies can use

A

Mitochondria

67
Q

contains inner and outer membranes for increased surface area

A

mitochondria

68
Q

use glucose and oxygen to make ATP, H2O and CO2

A

mitochondria

69
Q

thick fluid in chloroplast

70
Q

network of sacs in cholorplast

71
Q

network of protein

72
Q

cell structure, cell movement, and transport of materials in cell

A

cytoskeleton

73
Q

webs of internal proteins that hold structure, transport materials and allow for cell movement

A

cytoskeleton

74
Q

pieces are both stationary and moving

A

cytoskeleton

75
Q

three types of cytoskeleton

A

microfilaments
intermidiate filaments
microtubules

76
Q

what are microfilaments made of

77
Q

what is actin

78
Q

filament that is structure and cell movement

A

microfilaments

79
Q

most permanent filament

A

intermediate

80
Q

stabilize nucleus and organelles

A

intermediate

81
Q

made of tubulin

A

microtubules

82
Q

act as main support and monorails to transport vesicles

A

microtubules

83
Q

types of microfilaments

A

cilia

flagella

84
Q

extended from cells in great numbers

85
Q

move cell or move material around the cell

86
Q

long-tail like extensions

87
Q

movement of the cell

88
Q

found in animal cells to support layers

A

extracellular matrix

89
Q

anchoring junctions

A

desmosomes

90
Q

membrane bound organelles

A 
mitochondria 
SER
RER
vaculoes
vessicles
Golgi
nucleus
cholorplasts
lysosomes

Biology (24 decks)

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