chapter 9

Question 1

an Interdisciplinary approach applying behavioural science to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of a medical problem refers to?

Answer 1

behavioural medicine

Question 2

what is health psychology?

Answer 2

a subfield of behavioural medicine that studies psychological factors important in health promotion and maintenance

Question 3

Colby experiences sequences of reactions to substained stress, including stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion, which may lead to death, what is Colby experiencing?

Answer 3

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Question 4

define stress

Answer 4

the body’s physiological response to a stressor, which is any event or change that requires adaptation

Question 5

Melody has the perception that she has the ability to cope with stress or challenges in her life, what does Melody have?

Answer 5

self-efficacy

Question 6

the body’s means of identifying and eliminating any foreign materials, refers to what?

Answer 6

immune system

Question 7

What are Antigens?

Answer 7

foreign materials that enter the body, including bacteria and parasites

Question 8

Alexis’ body’s immune system attacks healthy tissues rather than antigens, what condition does Alexis have?

Answer 8

Autoimmune Disease

Question 9

what is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Answer 9

painful, degenerative disease in which the immune system essentially attacks itself, resulting in stiffness, swelling, and even destruction of the joints
- cognitive behavioural treatments can help relieve pain and stiffness

Question 10

what is the study of psychological influences on the neurological responding involved in the body’s immune response?

Answer 10

Psychoneuroimmunology

Question 11

Brianna started experiencing a group of minor health problems such as weight loss, fever, and night sweats, after her HIV infection. What is Brianna experiencing?

Answer 11

an AIDS-related complex (ARC)

- appears after HIV infection but before development of full-blown AIDS

Question 12

the study of psychological factors involved in the course and treatment of cancer refers to?

Answer 12

psycho-oncology

Question 13

Alex is experiencing afflictions in her mechanisms, including her heart, blood vessels, and controllers that are responsible for transporting blood to the body’s tissues and organs. What is Alex experiencing?

Answer 13

CardioVascular disease

- psychological factors may play important roles in such diseases and their treatments

Question 14

Mark had a temporary blockage of blood vessels supplying the brain, resulting in temporary or permanent loss of brain functioning. What did Mark have?

Answer 14

a Stroke

- also called cerebral vascular accidents (CVA)

Question 15

what is hypertension

Answer 15

also known as high blood pressure

- a major risk factor for stroke and heart and kidney disease that is intimately related to psychological factors

Question 16

define essential hypertension

Answer 16

high blood pressure with no verifiable physical cause, which makes up the overwhelming majority of high blood pressure cases

Question 17

Kayden arteries that supply his blood to his heart muscle are blocked, this is a major cause of death in Western culture, with social and psychological factors involved. What does Kayden have?

Answer 17

Coronary heart disease (CHD)

Question 18

Taliyah is excessively competitive, time-pressure impatient, has accelerated speech, and anger, originally thought to promote high risk for heart disease. What is Taliyah experiencing?

Answer 18

Type A behaviour pattern

Question 19

Maddy has a relaxed attitude, is indifferent to time pressure, and less forceful ambition; originally thought to cause low risk for heart disease. What is Maddy experiencing?

Answer 19

Type B behaviour pattern

Question 20

David was in pain after breaking his leg, but the pain disappeared once he was healed and treated. What type of pain did David experience?

Answer 20

Acute Pain

Question 21

Natasha has been in pain for years and it is not seeming to decrease. She has pain in her muscles, joints, and lower back. The doctors told her this may be due to enlarged blood vessels, or cancerous tissue. other significant factors are social and psychological. What is Natasha experiencing?

Answer 21

Chronic Pain

Question 22

define pain catastrophizing

Answer 22

an exaggerated negative response during an actual or anticipated painful experience. Catastrophizers ruminate on and magnify the pain, and they often feel helpless in the face of pain

Question 23

what are endogenous opioids?

Answer 23

substances occurring naturally throughout the body that function like neurotransmitters to shut down pain sensation even in the presence of marked tissue damage.
- These may contribute to psychological problems such as eating disorders. Also known as endorphins or enkephalins

Question 24

Mia has incapacitating exhaustion following only minimal exertion, accompanied by fever, headaches, muscle and joint pain, depression, and anxiety. What does Mia have?

Answer 24

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)

Question 25

What is Biofeedback?

Answer 25

Use of physiological monitoring equipment to make individual aware of their own bodily functions, such as blood pressure or brain waves, that they cannot normally access, with purpose of controlling these functions

Question 26

What are active components of meditation methods, including repetitive thoughts of a sound to reduce distracting thoughts, and closing the main to other intruding thoughts, that decrease the flow of stress hormones and neurotransmitters and cause a feeling of calm.

Answer 26

Relaxation Response