chapter 8 Flashcards
define bulimia nervosa
eating disorder involving recurrent episodes of uncontrolled excessive (binge) eating followed by compensatory actions to remove the food (ex: deliberate vomiting, laxative abuse, excessive exercise)
define binges
relatively brief episodes of uncontrolled, excessive consumption, usually of food or alcohol
what is anorexia nervosa?
eating disorder characterized by recurrent food refusal leading to dangerously low body weight.
A growing number of studies in different countries indicate that eating disorders are widespread and that they increased dramatically in _____ countries from about 19__ to 19__
Western
1960 to 1995
The chief characteristic of ____ disorders is an overwhelming, all-encompassing drive to be ____.
eating disorders
thin
up to ___ percent of people with anorexia over an extended time die as a result of their disorder, with slightly more than ___ percent dying within ___ years
20
5
10
______ nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder reviewed in this book, including depression
anorexia
_____ attempts are very common in eating disorders, occuring in from ___ to ___ percent of patients at least once during their lifetime
suicide
30 to 40
until recently, eating disorders, particularly _____ were not found in ______ countries
however, this has changes and now evidence suggests that eating disorders are ____
bullimia
developing
global
______ nervosa is on of the most common psychological disorders on university campuses
bullimia
In bulimia nervosa, the _____ of food eaten is the fact that the eating is experiences as __ ___ _____
amount
out of control
what are purging techniques?
In the eating disorder bulimia nervosa, the self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse used to compensate for excessive food ingestion
laxatives vs diuretics
laxatives: drugs that relieve constipation
diuretic: drugs that result in loss of fluids through greatly increased frequency of urination
___ percent of a group of patients with anorexia nervosa exercised excessively, compared with ___ percent of a group of patients with bulimia nervosa.
81
57
what is electrocyte imbalance?
continued vomiting upsets the chemical balance of bodily fluids, including sodium and potassium levels
what medical consequences come with bulimia?
- enlarged salivary glands (chubby face)
- erosion of dental enamel on inner surface of the front of the teeth
- electrocyte imbalance, leading to cardiac arrhythmia (disrupted heartbeat) and renal (kidney) failure
- intestinal problems from laxatives
- marked calluses on fingers
both anorexia and bulimia are characterized by a _____________… The major difference seems to be whether the individual is___________…
- a morbid fear of gaining weight and losing control over their eating
- successful at losing weight
______ nervosa is more common than ______ nervosa, but they have a great deal of overlap.
Bulimia
Anorexia
what is rapid eye movement?
Periodic intervals of sleep during which eyes move rapidly from side to side, and dreams occur but the body is inactive
define dysomnias
problems in getting to sleep or in obtaining sufficient quality sleep
define parasomnias
abnormal behaviours such as nightmares or sleepwalking that occur during sleep
define polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation
assessment of sleep disorders in which a client sleeping in the lab is monitored for heart, muscle, respiration brain wave, and other functions
define sleep efficiency (SE)
percentage of time actually spent sleeping of the total spent in bed
what are microsleeps?
short, seconds-long periods of sleep that occur in people who have been deprived of sleep
what is insomnia disorder?
a condition in which insufficient sleep interferes with normal functioning
define rebound insomnia
in a person with insomnia, the worsened sleep problems that can occur when medications are used to treat insomnia and then withdrawn
what are hypersomnolence disorders?
sleep dysfunction involving an excessive amount of sleep that disrupts normal routines
what is sleep apnea?
disorder involving brief periods when breathing ceases during sleep
define narcolepsy
sleep disorder involving sudden and irresistible sleep attacks
what are breathing-related sleep disorders?s
sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia, caused by a breathing problem such as interrupted (apnea) or laboured (hypoventilation) breathing.
define circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder
sleep disturbances resulting in sleepiness or insomnia caused by the body’s inability to synchronize its sleep patterns with the current pattern of day and night
what are nightmares?
frightening and anxiety-provoking dreams occurring during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The individual recalls the bad dreams and recovers alertness and orientation quickly
what are sleep terrors?
episodes of apparent awakening from sleep, accompanied by signs of panic, followed by disorientation and amnesia for the incident. These occur during NREM sleep and so do not involve frightening dreams.
what is sleepwalking?
A parasomnia that involves leaving the bed during NREM - deep, non-dreaming - sleep
