Chapter 7 Flashcards
what are mood disorders?
a group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression
What is Major Depressive disorder?
the most commonly diagnosed and most severe depression, including feelings of worthlessness, disturbances in bodily activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and the inability to experience pleasure, persisting at least two weeks
What is anhedonia?
the inability to experience pleasure
What is a period of abnormally excessive elation or euphoria, associated with some mood disorders referred to?
Mania
what is a hypomanic episode?
a less severe and less disruptive version of a manic episode that is one of the criteria for several mood disorders
explain what a unipolar mood disorder is.
individuals who experience either depression or mania have a unipolar mood disorder, because their mood remains at one “pole” of the usual depression-mania continuum.
what are mixed features?
A condition in which the individual experiences both elation and depression or anxiety at the same time.
- also known as dysphoric manic episode or mixed manic episode
What s persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)?
A mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism, or despair.
- present for at least two years, with no absence of symptoms for more than two months
what is double depression?
Severe mood disorder typified by major depressive episodes superimposed over a background of dysthymic disorder
what is seasonal affective disorder? (SAD)
A mood disorder involving a cycling of episodes corresponding to the seasons of the year, typically with depression occurring during the winter
what is integrated grief?
Grief that evolves from acute grief into a condition in which the individual accepts the finality of a death and adjusts to the loss
What is complicated grief?
Grief characterized by debilitating feelings of loss and emotions so painful that a person has trouble resuming a normal life.
- designated for further study as a disorder by the DMS-5.
What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder? (PMDD)
A disorder of mood whose symptoms include physical symptoms, severe mood swings, and anxiety that cause incapacitation during most menstrual cycles, starting in the final week before the onset of menses, improving within a few days after the onset of menses, and becoming absent in the week post-menses.
What are disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, both depressive disorders?
A condition in which a child has chronic negative moods such as anger and irritability without any accompanying mania
what is bipolar II disorder?
an alternation of major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes (not full manic episodes).
What is bipolar I disorder?
an alteration of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes
what is cyclothymic disorder?
Chronic (at least two years) mood disorder characterized by alternating mood elevation and depression levels that are not as severe as manic or major depressive episodes
what are neurohormones?
Hormones that affect the brain and are increasingly the focus of study in psychopathology
what is the learned helplessness theory of depression?
Seligman’s theory that people become anxious and depressed when they make an attribution that they have no control over the stress in their lives (whether in reality they do or not).
The most fundamental lesson in experimental research is that ordinary people are _______________.
simply doing their jobs
Amy started hanging with girls that wear volleyball shorts all day during school. Amy has started to wear the same shorts to fit in with the cool girls. What is this an example of?
Conformity
what are the two forms of social influences that explain why people conform?
normative and informational
