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Bio 6 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

how many bones are in the adult skeleton

A

206

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2
Q

what are the two categories the adult skeleton bones are separated into

A

axial and appendicular

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3
Q

The ______ ________ is composed of ___ bones located along a vertical line, the longitudinal axis line of the body.

A

axial skeleton / 80

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4
Q

what is the function of the axial skeleton

A

support and protect the organs of the head, neck, and torso.

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5
Q

The __________ __________ is composed of __ bones that form the upper and lower limbs and the bones in the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle.

A

appendicular skeleton / 126

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6
Q

the three main parts of the axial skeleton are

A

skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage

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7
Q

there are also smaller bones located in the axial skeleton what are they

A

the ear ossicles

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8
Q

This group of bones surround and protects the brain and houses organs of hearing and equilibrium there are 8 bones, two are paired and four are single.

A

cranium

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9
Q

the group of bones provide the shape of the face, house the teeth, and provide attachments for the muscles of facial expression.

A

facial bones

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10
Q

what are the two bones of the cranium that are paired?(pied piper and tiny tim)

A

parietal and temporal

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11
Q

which bones make up the superior lateral wall (in the back of the skull forming a C around the temporal bones)

A

parietal

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12
Q

which bones make up the inferior lateral wall and house the organs of the inner ear (on each side found above the zygomatic sitting in the Curved portion of the C of the parietal bones).

A

temporal

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13
Q

what are the four single bones of the cranium? (Fred only sees Ethel)

A

Frontal bone
Occipital bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone

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14
Q

the bone that makes up the anterior portion of the skull and lines up with the parietal bone at the coronal suture

A

frontal bone

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15
Q

the bone that makes up the posterior inferior portion of the skull, connects with the parietal bone at the lambdoid suture

A

occipital bone

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16
Q

floor and anterior wall of the nose

A

ethmoid bone

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17
Q

the small bone that is found in front of the temporal bone and under and slightly behind the frontal bone and posterior to ethmoid bone.

A

sphenoid bone

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18
Q

immovable joints between cranial and facial bones

A

sutures

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19
Q

what are the four main sutures in the skull (cold salad and lumpy soup)

A

coronal
sagittal
lambdoid
squamous

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20
Q

this suture joins the frontal and parietal bones

A

coronal

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21
Q

this suture joins the two parietal bones in the middle in the back of the skull (runs vertically)

A

sagittal

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22
Q

this suture joins both parietal bones with occipital bones in the back of the skull (runs horizontally)

A

lambdoid

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23
Q

this suture joins the temporal and parietal bones

A

squamous

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24
Q

there are __ facial bones __ paired and __ single.

A

14 / 6 / 2

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25
Q

name the six paired facial bones (most zebras like names in parks)

A 
maxillae
zygomatic
lacrimal
nasal
inferior nasal conchae
palatine
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26
Q

name the only two single facial bones (very merry)

A

vomer

mandible

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27
Q

forms the upper jaw and hard palate of the roof of your mouth at the front

A

maxillae

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28
Q

the cheek bones

A

zygomatic

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29
Q

where the tear ducts come out forms the orbit of the eye connects to the nasal bone

A

lacrimal

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30
Q

bridge of the nose runs up between eyes and connects to lacrimal bones

A

nasal

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31
Q

shell or scroll shaped or turbinate on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity inferiorly ( when looking at a picture from the front it looks like a little tube hanging on the inside right nostril)

A

inferior nasal conchae

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32
Q

the posterior part of the hard palate in the roof of the mouth nearer to back of the mouth

A

palatine bones

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33
Q

the lower jaw, a single bone that moves up and down for chewing

A

mandible

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34
Q

a single bone that forms the floor of the nasal cavity and inferior portion of the nasal septum, the tip connects where the two palatine bones come together. (you can feel this piece when you push on the part of your nose between the two holes)

A

vomer

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35
Q

Opening or hole for blood vessels and nerves to go through

A

foramen

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36
Q

shallow depression for muscle attachment or articulation (joint)

A

fossa

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37
Q

tube-like opening, a tubular passageway for blood vessels and nerves

A

meatus

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38
Q

smooth, rounded articular process for articulation

A

condyle

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39
Q

each temporal bones has one of each of these six bones (every moment matters, say zebra carcasses)

A 
external auditory meatus
mandibular fossa
mastoid process
styloid process
zygomatic arch
carotid foramen canal
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40
Q

a tube-like opening or tubular passageway for the ear canal, (associated with temporal bone)

A

external auditory meatus

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41
Q

a depression for articulation with the condylar process (mandibular condyle) to form the temporomandibular joint known as TMJ looks like craters on the moon when looking at a transverse cut of the top skull piece (associated with temporal bone)

A

mandibular fossa

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42
Q

rounded projection posterior to external auditory meatus; attachment piece for muscles (looks like a breast hanging down below the ear canal) (associated with temporal bone)

A

mastoid process

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43
Q

a long thin projection on inferior skull surface; attachment for muscles and ligaments of tongue and neck (looks like little fangs)(associated with temporal bone)

A

styloid process

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44
Q

formed from projection of the temporal bone and the zygomatic bone (you can feel this circular feeling bone from your cheeks to your ear)(associated with temporal bone)

A

zygomatic arch

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45
Q

foramen (opening or hole) for the carotid artery to pass through (medial to the little fangs)(associated with temporal bone)

A

carotid foramen (canal)

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46
Q

the large opening (or hole) connecting the lower brain to the spinal cord (associated with the occipital bone)

A

foramen magnum

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47
Q

two rounded processes that articulate with the atlas (c1) (associated with the occipital bone)

A

occipital condyles

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48
Q

there is one of these on either side of the crista galli; form the roof of nasal cavity (associated with the ethmoid bone) (the back or posterior of the three pieces that can be seen by looking at the inside with a transverse skull cut)

A

cribriform plates

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49
Q

sometimes called the rooster crest; it is the projection for attachment of membranes covering the brain. (associated with the ethmoid bone) (the top or anterior of the three pieces that can be seen by looking at the inside with a transverse skull cut)

A

crista galli

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50
Q

forms the upper part of the nasal septum ( you can feel this bone when you push down on the top, middle part of your nose) (associated with ethmoid bone)

A

perpendicular plate

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51
Q

two pairs of scroll-like projections on each lateral wall of the nasal cavity (when looking at a picture they look like larger little piece of bone in the left nostril) (associated with the ethmoid bone)

A

middle nasal conchae

superior nasal conchae

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52
Q

openings (holes) for optic nerves (associated with the sphenoid bone)

A

optic foramina

53
Q

bony projection that surrounds the pituitary gland (associated with the sphenoid bone)

A

sella turcica

54
Q

the teeth sockets for both the maxillae and mandible

A

alveoli

55
Q

two superior, rounded processes that articulate with the temporal bone at the mandibular fossa; together they form the TMJ

A

condylar processes (mandibular condyles)

56
Q

this U shaped bone is not a part of the skull and is not attached to the axial skeleton but it is included with the axial skeleton because of its location in the anterior neck region between the mandible and the larynx, it does not articulate with any other bones but is secured in place by ligaments and muscles including many muscles of the tongue and neck. It is the bone that gets crushed during strangulation.

A

hyoid

57
Q

four cavities that are lined with mucous membranes, that are located near and have openings into the nasal cavities as a whole they are called _______ ______ also name the four cavities individually that are named for their locations in the bones of the same name. (every female makes supper)

A 
Paranasal sinuses
Ethmoidal (below and between eyebrows)
Frontal (above eyebrows)
Maxillary (medial to cheek bones)
Sphenoidal (superior to TMJ)
58
Q

The ______ ______, or roof of the mouth, is formed by the fusion of four bones 2 _______ bones that make up 3/4, and 2 _______ bones that make up the other 1/4.

A

hard palate / maxillary / palatine

59
Q

the _____ _____ is composed of bone and cartilage, The inferior bone is the ______, and the ______ _____ of the ______ bone is superior. Cartilage is anterior to these two bones.

A

nasal septum
vomer
perpendicular plate
ethmoid

60
Q

the soft spots on a babies skull are called what and how can you distinguish them?

A

fontanels
the anterior or frontal fontanel is diamond shaped and larger
the posterior or occipital fontanel is triangular and smaller

61
Q

this curved flexible structure can be bent, twisted and rotated; it protects the spinal cord and provides attachment points for back muscles.

A

vertebral column

62
Q

the vertebral column consists of five regions what are they and how many vertebrae does each contain

A 
cervical - 7 first two are axis and atlas
thoracic - 12
lumbar - 5
sacral - 5 fused into 1
coccyx - 4 fused into 1
63
Q

what is the saying to remember the number of each region

A

breakfast at 7
lunch at 12
dinner at 5

64
Q

what are the four normal spinal curvatures that correspond with the regions of the spinal cord

A

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral

65
Q

how do the spinal curves develop in an infant

A

newborn single spinal curve will become the thoracic and sacral curves
when baby can hold head up then cervical forms
when baby can stand then lumbar forms

66
Q

what do all three types of vertebrae structures have in common (boy that snakes venomous)

A

Body
Transverse Process
Spinous Process
Vertebral Foramen

67
Q

located anteriorly; it is the largest part of the vertebra

A

body

68
Q

extends laterally (out to sides) from the vertebra

A

transverse process

69
Q

projects posteriorly from the vertebra (the part you can feel poking out going down the middle of your back.)

A

spinous process

70
Q

large opening formed that protects the spinal cord

A

vertebral foramen

71
Q

the first two of the seven cervical vertebrae look different and are named different. what are they called?

A

C1 - atlas

C2 - axis

72
Q

The large __(s)___ __(a)____ __(f)___ of the atlas articulate with the ___(o)____ __(c)_____ of the skull and allow the head to move up and down in a nodding motion.

A

superior articular facets

occipital condyles

73
Q

The _____, C2, has a superior tooth-like protuberance called the (d), or ___(o)___ ___(p)___. This extends superiorly (upwards) into the vertebral foramen of the atlas and allows the atlas to pivot laterally in a “no” type motion.

A

axis
dens
odontoid process

74
Q

the easiest way to distinguish any ______ vertebra is by its three _____(plural) a _____ ______ and two _____ _____.

A

cervical
foramina
vertebral foramen
transverse foramina

75
Q

The transverse foramina are found only in the cervical vertebrae have what purpose.

A

allow passage of the vertebral arteries, veins, and sympathetic nerves to and from the brain.

76
Q

The cervical vertebrae are ________ and have small _____. They do not carry much weight.

A

lightweight / bodies

77
Q

C3 through C6 have ___(b)_____(forked) __(s)_____ __(p)______.

A

bifurcated spinous process

78
Q

this occurs in some rear-ended auto accidents, causes partial or complete dislocation of the cervical vertebrae

A

whiplash

79
Q

A ___(t) ___(v)___ has a medium sized body and a long, narrow ___(s)___ ___(p)___ that commonly slants inferiorly at a sharp angle.

A

thoracic vertebrae

spinous process

80
Q

thoracic vertebra also have ___(f)___ (little face) on the transverse processes and __(d)__ (half) __(f)__ on the bodies, both of which articulate with ribs.

A

facets

demi-facets

81
Q

___(l)___ ___(v)___ have the largest bodies to support more weight, and thick ___(h)___ shaped spinous processes that extend horizontally.

A

lumbar vertebrae

hatchet

82
Q

___(I)___ ___(d)___ can be found between the bodies of vertebrae from C2 to sacrum.

A

Intervertebral discs

83
Q

Intervertebral discs are made of ____(fc)____ to give strength, permit movement, and absorb shock.

A

fibrocartilage

84
Q

this injury occurs when the fibrocartilage is stressed and torn or cracked, in this situation, the inner pulp-like center protrudes outward and causes pressure on the spinal cord or a spinal nerve.

A

herniated or slipped disk

85
Q

___(I)___ ___(F)___ are formed when vertebrae are staked on one another. Spinal nerves exit the vertebra column through these.

A

Intervertebral foramina

86
Q

The ___ has a slightly curved, triangular shape and has two ___(S)___ ___(A)___ ___(P)___ with facets that articulate with the fifth lumbar vertebra.

A

sacrum

superior articular processes

87
Q

The sacrum has __(s)___ __(f)___ that provide exits for spinal nerves.

A

sacral foramina

88
Q

from the posterior view, the opening of the _(s)___ __(c)__ is located just posterior to the body of the sacrum and is open all the way through the sacrum. (on many plastic models this is closed)

A

sacral canal

89
Q

the lateral surfaces of the sacrum, the __(A)____ __(s)_____, are roughened to articulate with the iliac portion of the os coxa on each side, forming __(s)______ __(j)______.

A

auricular surfaces

sacroiliac joints

90
Q

the vertebral column ends with the small __(C)__, or tailbone. The tiny fused vertebrae of This are attached to the sacrum with ligaments.

A

coccyx

91
Q

There are three abnormal curves of the vertebral column (sisters, kids, laughter)

A

Scoliosis
Kyphosis
Lordosis

92
Q

the vertebral column bends laterally in ______ (crooked)

A

scoliosis

93
Q

an exaggerated thoracic curve that results in a hunched back with rounded shoulders

A

kyphosis

94
Q

an exaggerated lumbar curve that appears as a swayback with the abdomen protruding anteriorly.

A

lordosis

95
Q

the bony cage that encircles the chest is called what

A

thoracic cage

96
Q

the thoracic cage is composed of four parts (sisters remember childhood-companions & boyfriends)

A

Sternum
Ribs
Costal Cartilages
Bodies of the thoracic vertebrae

97
Q

a narrow flat bone that is composed of three bones

A

sternum

98
Q

what are the three bones that make up the sternum (many broken xrays)`

A

manubrium
body of the sternum
xiphoid process

99
Q

the handle portion of the sternum superior to the body

A

manubrium

100
Q

the sword-like inferior portion of the sternum.

A

xiphoid process

101
Q

the manubrium and body articulate with the ___(C)___ ___(C)___ of the ribs.

A

costal cartilages

102
Q

the space between ribs is called what

A

intercostal space

103
Q

softens jolts to the vertebral column

A

intervertebral discs

104
Q

opening for spinal nerve exit

A

intervertebral foramen

105
Q

bony protection for thoracic organs

A

thoracic cage

106
Q

articulates with ribs anteriorly

A

sternum

107
Q

encloses and protects the spinal cord

A

vertebral column

108
Q

lordotic curvatures

A

cervical and lumbar curvatures

109
Q

kyphotic curvatures

A

thoracic and pelvic

110
Q

atlas articulates superiorly with this bone

A

occipital condyle

111
Q

facial bone that contains a paranasal sinus

A

maxilla, ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal

112
Q

articulation between the mandible and the skull

A

mandibular fossa (mandible) and condylar processes (temporal bone)

113
Q

neck and tongue muscles attach to this bone

A

hyoid

114
Q

special feature present on the transverse process of cervical vertebrae

A

transverse foramen

115
Q

bone that has the odontoid process

A

axis

116
Q

sacrum articulates superiorly with this bone

A

fifth lumbar vertebra

117
Q

inferior bone of the nasal septum

A

vomer

118
Q

bone marking that protects the pituitary gland

A

sella turcica

119
Q

middle and inner ear are found within this bone

A

temporal bone

120
Q

contain teeth sockets

A

maxilla alveoli

mandible alveoli

121
Q

bone that does not articulate with any other bone

A

hyoid

122
Q

only freely movable skull bone

A

mandible

123
Q

ribs articulate posteriorly with these bones

A

thoracic vertebrae

124
Q

chine bone

A

mandible

125
Q

smaller bone of the hard palate

A

palatine

126
Q

larger bone of the hard palate

A

maxillary

127
Q

upper jaw bone

A

maxilla

128
Q

cheek bones

A

zygomatic

129
Q

tear ducts pass through these paired bones

A

lacrimal

Bio 6 (18 decks)

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