Chapter 9

Question 1

Career criminals

Answer 1

Those offenders who make their living through crime

Question 2

Chronic offenders

Answer 2

habitual offender, persistent offenders

Question 3

Chronic recidivists

Answer 3

Persons who continue to commit new crimes after being convicted of former offenses

Question 4

Court-appointed counsel

Answer 4

Attorney who are appointed to represent indigent defendant

Question 5

Crime Bill of 1994

Answer 5

Legislation supported by President Bill Clinton designed to increase crime prevention measures

Question 6

Crime prevention

Answer 6

Any overt activity conducted by individuals to deter persons from committing crimes

Question 7

Criminal history

Answer 7

One’s prior convictions, indictments, and arrests

Question 8

Deterrence

Answer 8

Actions that are designed to prevent crimes before they occur by threatening sever punishment

Question 9

Extralegal factors

Answer 9

Factors not legally relevant to case processing decisions such as race, ethnicity, and sex.

Question 10

Felony property offending

Answer 10

Any crime punishable by more than one year in prison and causes loss or damage to property (e.g. burglary, larceny/theft )

Question 11

Get-tough movement

Answer 11

Actions toward toughening sentencing or dispositions involving adults or juveniles

Question 12

Good time

Answer 12

an amount of time deducted from the period of incarceration earned for good behavior.

Question 13

Guidelines-based sentencing (sentencing guidelines)

Answer 13

Instruments developed to assist judges to in assessing fair and consistent sentencing

Question 14

Habeas corpus

Answer 14

Writ meaning “produce the body”; used by prisoners to challenge the nature and length of their confinement

Question 15

Habitual offenders

Answer 15

Persons how have been convicted by two or more felonies

Question 16

Incapacitation

Answer 16

Belief that the function of punishment is to separate offenders from society and prevent them from committing more crimes.

Question 17

Life imprisonment

Answer 17

Sentence involving incarceration for the life expectancy of the offender

Question 18

Mandatory sentence

Answer 18

Sentencing where the court is required to impose incarceration for a specified length without the option for probation,

Question 19

Parole board

Answer 19

Body of persons which determines weither prisoner should be granted parole or early release

Question 20

Persistent offender statutes

Answer 20

Any law prohibiting someone from being a habitual offender.

Question 21

Presumptive sentencing

Answer 21

statutory sentencing method that specifies normal sentences.

Question 22

Punishment

Answer 22

Any sanction imposed for committing a crime

Question 23

Rehabilitation

Answer 23

Correcting criminal behavior through education and other means

Question 24

Reintegration

Answer 24

Punishment philosophy that promotes programs that lead offenders back into the community

Question 25

Sentencing disparity

Answer 25

inconsistency in sentencing of convicted offender.

Question 26

Sentencing reform act of 1984

Answer 26

Act that provided judges with discretionary power to provide alternative sentencing

Question 27

Serious felonies

Answer 27

any crime punishable by more than one year in prison

Question 28

Truth in sentencing

Answer 28

Policy maximizing one’s incarceration

Question 29

U.S sentencing commission

Answer 29

body of persons originating from the sentencing reform act of 1984