Chapter 12 Flashcards
Adjudicate
To judge, or decide a case.
Adjudication
When a juvenile has been declared delinquent or status offender, the matter has been resolved.
Adjudication hearing
Formal proceeding where evidence is presented and a juvenile’s status is determined by the juvenile court judge.
Automatic waivers
Jurisdictional laws that provide for automatic waivers of juveniles to criminal court for proceeding.
Blended sentencing
Any type of sentencing where the judge can impose both and/or incarcerative penalties.
Certification
Judicial, prosecutorial and legislative waivers
Conditional disposition
Decisions by a juvenile court judge authorizing a penalty after an adjudication of delinquency has been made.
Criminal-exclusive blend
Form of sentencing by a criminal court judge where either juvenile or adult sentences can be imposed but not both.
Criminal-inclusive blend
Form of sentencing by a criminal court judge where both juvenile and adult sentences can be imposed simultaneously
Custodial disposition
Outcome by juvenile judge following adjudication of juvenile as delinquent. Include non secure custody.
Demand waiver
Request by juveniles to have their cases transferred to criminal courts.
Direct file
Prosecutorial waiver of jurisdiction to a criminal court.
Discretionary waivers
Transfers of juveniles to criminal courts by judges, at their discretion.
Guardian ad litem
A court-appointed attorney who protects the interests of children.
Judicial waiver
Decision by juvenile cout to waive juvenile to jurisdiction of criminal court.
Juvenile-contiguous blend
Form of blended sentencing by a juvenile court judge where he can impose a disposition beyond the normal range for juvenile offenders.
Juvenile-exclusive blend
Blended sentencing form where a juvenile court judge can impose either juvenile or adult sentences but not both.
Juvenile-inclusive blend
Form of blended sentencing where a juvenile court judge can impose both juvenile and adult incarceration at the same time.
Legislative waivers
Provisions that compel juvenile court to remand juvenile to criminal court because of specific offenses
Mandatory transfer
Automatic waiver of juvenile to criminal court on the basis of their age or seriousness of offenses.
Nominal disposition
Outcome in which juvenile is warned but returned to custody of parents.
Nonsecure custody (confinement)
A facility that emphasizes the care of youth without the need to place constraints to ensure public protection
Once an adult/always and adult
Provision that once a juvenile has been transferred to criminal court, the juvenile can never be tried in a juvenile court in the future.
Presumptive waiver
Type of judicial waiver where burden of proof shifts from the state to the juvenile to contest whether youth is transferred to criminal court.
Prosecutorial waiver
Authority of prosecutors in juvenile cases to transfer those cases to the jurisdiction of criminal court.
Reverse waiver hearing
Proceeding to determine whether a transferred juvenile should be sent back to be tried in juvenile court.
Secure custody
Incarceration of juveniles in a facility that stricts their movement in the community.
Teen court
Court where youths try juvenile for non-serious misdemeanor
Traditional courts
Courts where juvenile proceeding are characterized by individualized treatments. Opposite of due process courts.
Transfer
Proceeding where the jurisdiction over juveniles shifts to criminal court from juvenile court.
Waiver
Transfer of jurisdiction over a juvenile to a criminal court.
Waiver hearing
Motion by prosecutor to transfer juvenile to a criminal or adult court for prosecution.
