Chapter 11 Flashcards
Camp, ranch
Any type of several similar confinement facilities for adults of juveniles.
Case backlogs
crowded court dockets in either juvenile or criminal court
Case proceeding
The speed with which cases are heard in either criminal or juvenile court
Chancellors
King’s agent used to settle disputes between neighbors on his behalf.
Child savers
Group who promoted rights of minor during the 19th century and helped create a separate juvenile court.
Children in need of supervision (CHINS)
Typically unruly children who cannot be supervised well by their parents
Criminalization
Transformation of civil proceeding into criminal proceeding
Curfew violators
Persons under the legal age of adulthood who roam city streets beyond times when they are supposed to be in their homes.
Deinstitutionalization
Providing programs in community based settings instead of institutional ones.
Deinstitutionalization of status offenders (DSO)
Process of removing status offenses from jurisdiction of juvenile court.
Direct file
Prosecutorial waiver of jurisdiction to a criminal court.
Divestiture of Jurisdiction
Juvenile court relinquishment of control over certain types of juveniles, such as status offenders.
Due process courts
Juvenile courts where the emphasis is on punishment and offender control rather than assistance.
English Common law
Authority based on court decrees and judgments that recognize customs of the people.
Foster home
Dwelling including family where child is placed, usually where such child is from and abusive household or without parents or legal guardians.
Group home
Facilities for juveniles that provide limited supervision and support.
Illinois Juvenile Court Act
Legislation establishing first juvenile court in the US in 1899.
Intake
Review of a case by a court official.
Intake hearing
A screening mechanism of juvenile offenders.
Intake officer
Officer who conducts screening of juveniles.
Juvenile court
A term of any court with original jurisdiction over person defined as juveniles.
Juvenile delinquency
The violation of criminal laws by juveniles.
Juvenile delinquent
Any minor who commits and offense that would be a crime if committed by an adult.
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
Act passed by congress encouraging states to deal with their juvenile offenders differently.
Juveniles
Persons who have not achieved their 18th birthday or the age of majority.
Loiterers
Persons who stand around idly, hanging around.
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
Designed to remove status offenders from jurisdiction of juvenile court and dispose of their cases less formally
Parens Patriae
“Parent of the country” referes to doctrine that the state oversees the welfare of the youth.
Prosecutorial waiver
Authority of prosecutors in juvenile cases to have those cases transfered to the jurisdiction of criminal court.
Reformatory
Detention facility designed to change criminal behavior or reform it.
Runaways
Juvenile who escape their homes without parental permission
Society for the prevention of pauperism
Humanitarian society that established the first public reformatory house in NY
Standard of proof
Norms used by court to determine validity of claims of wrongdoing against offenders.
Status offenders
Juveniles who have committed an offense that would not be considered a crime if committed by and adult.
Statutory exclusion
Provisions that automatically exclude juveniles from the jurisdiction of juvenile courts (e.g. murder, armed robbery)
Stigmas
The result of the process of being labeled unruly or delinquent child by others.
Stigmatize
The process of labeling someone as delinquent or a criminal on the basis of their behavior.
Truant
Juveniles who absent themselves from school without excuse of parental of school consent.
