Chapter 9

Question 1

Referential meaning

Answer 1

The litteral definition, found in dictionaries

Question 2

Associative meaning

Answer 2

Individual interpretation of meaning, related to personal experience

Question 3

Synonymy

Answer 3

Two or more words with closely related , e.g. shut/close, big/large, conceal/hide, broad/wide

Question 4

Antonymy

Answer 4

Two words with opposite meaning, different kinds:

• Gradable antonyms: on a scale, hot/cold, can be used with very or end with -er/-est.
• Non-gradable antonyms: negative of one is synonym of the other, e.g. not dead=alive, not present=absent
• Reversive antonyms: words that are the reverse of each other, e.g. undress/dress, enter/exit

Question 5

Hyponymy

Answer 5

A subclass term, hierarchical order of words. Hyponym - specific, superordinate - general. A rose is a hyponym of flower.

Question 6

Homophones

Answer 6

Words with different form and meaning but the same pronounciation, e.g. flour/flower, too/two/to

Question 7

Homonyms

Answer 7

Words that by coincidence have the same form (separate history), e.g. bank, race

Question 8

Polysemi

Answer 8

Words with the same form with historical connection that have drifted apart, e.g. bright, head

Question 9

Metonomy

Answer 9

A feature associated with the concept is used to represent the concept as a whole, e.g. He drank the whole bottle, we need some new faces around here.

Question 10

Collocation

Answer 10

Words that frequently accur together, e.g. table/chair, hammer/nail