Chapter 2

Question 1

Communicative signals

Answer 1

Intentional, consious and deliberate communication.

Question 2

Informative signals

Answer 2

Unintentionally sent messages, e.g. body language

Question 3

Properties of language

Answer 3

Displacement 
Semanticity 
Arbritrariness
Cultural transmission 
Productivity 
Duality 
Discreteness
Reflexivity

Question 4

Displacement

Answer 4

The ability to refer to things that are distant in space or time, things that are not here and now.

Question 5

Semanticity

Answer 5

Language carries meaning, e.g. words constantly stands for objects. Talking about a tree everybody knows its a tall thing with leaves that grows outside.

Question 6

Arbritrariness

Answer 6

There is no natural connection between the token and its referent, the word tree has no actual connection to do with the tall thing growing outside.

Question 7

Cultural transmission

Answer 7

Some aspects of language are not instinctive or inherited bud learned, specific languages depend on culture. A child will speak the language it is surrounded with.

Question 8

Productivity

Answer 8

The ability to create new words and sentences, there is an endless amount of sentences in the english language.

Question 9

Duality

Answer 9

Units can be put together and then form meaningful units (words), the units can be recombined to form different units.

Question 10

Discreteness

Answer 10

Signals can be broken down into small units which has no meaning

Question 11

Reflexivity

Answer 11

The communication system can be used to discuss the communication itself.

Question 12

Washoe

Answer 12

Brought up using sign language, could use 100 signs and produce short senteces.

Question 13

Sarah and Lana

Answer 13

Taught to use symbols for words and could thereby communicate using these symbols.

Question 14

Kanzi

Answer 14

Watched his mother (Lana) being taught sign language more sussexfully than her.