Chapter 5

Question 1

Neologisms

Answer 1

A new word in a language

Question 2

Etymology

Answer 2

History of words in a language, their origin and how they changed over time.

Question 3

Eponyms

Answer 3

Words from names of people or places. E.g. Fahrenheit and denim

Question 4

Borrowing

Answer 4

Words that are borrowed from other languages. E.g. ballet (french) and ombudsman (Swedish)

Question 5

Calque

Answer 5

Kind of borrowing, also called loan translation. A phrase is borrowed and then translated. E.g. “the moment of truth” from Spanish

Question 6

Compounding

Answer 6

Two full words are combined to create new meaning, words from different word classes can be combined and the new word class is usually dictated by the second half of the compound.

Question 7

Blending

Answer 7

Combination of parts of two Words, e.g. channel, sitcom, brunch and Oxbridge

Question 8

Clipping

Answer 8

A polysyllabic word is shortened, e.g. uni, flu, burger, lab, demo

Question 9

Hypocorisms

Answer 9

Kind of clipping were a y-sound is added to the end of the word, e.g. telly, offie, chippy.

Question 10

Backformation

Answer 10

Member of one word class is reduced to create a word of a different word class, e.g. edit, enthuse (add more examples)

Question 11

Conversation

Answer 11

Word becomes a member of a new word class without any reduction, e.g. ship, empty, walk

Question 12

Acronym

Answer 12

Creating a new word by using the initial letter of words in a phrase, e.g. UNICEF, nimby (acronyms) and GPS, DNA (initialism)

Question 13

Derivation

Answer 13

Creating new words by adding affixes to an already existing word, this may or may not change the word class. E.g. unhappy, happiness

Question 14

Coinage

Answer 14

Inventing/creating a new word