Chapter 9

Question 1

The conscious awareness that you exist as a separate and unique person and that you can affect others

Answer 1

I-self

Question 2

What you know about yourself and how you describe yourself

Answer 2

Me-self

Question 3

The ability to control our own thoughts, behaviors, and emotions and change them to meet the demands of the situation

Answer 3

Self-regulation

Question 4

Tendency of children to report more positive than negative emotions

Answer 4

Positive emotion bias

Question 5

The tendency of children to associate with others of their same sex

Answer 5

Gender segregation

Question 6

The understanding that gender remains the same despite superficial changes in appearance or behavior

Answer 6

Gender constancy

Question 7

Ideas children have about right and wrong

Answer 7

Conscience

Question 8

Knowing the difference between what is right and wrong and acing on that knowledge

Answer 8

Morality

Question 9

The ways in which people think about right and wrong

Answer 9

Moral reasoning

Question 10

The ability to understand the psychological perspectives, motives, and needs of others

Answer 10

Perspective taking

Question 11

A rule or practice that members of a social group agree to abide by in their behaviors, choices and decisions

Answer 11

Convention

Question 12

Level of moral reasoning where children do not yet understand that rules are social conventions; children accept the rules of powerful others

Answer 12

Preconventional level

Question 13

The degree to which parents are accepting, responsive, and compassionate with their children

Answer 13

Parental warmth

Question 14

The degree to which parents set limits, enforce rules, and maintain discipline with others

Answer 14

Parental control

Question 15

Parents who are warm and exert firm control

Answer 15

Authoritative parents

Question 16

Parents who exert firm control but are rejecting or unresponsive to their children

Answer 16

Authoritarian parents

Question 17

Parents who are warm but have little control over their children

Answer 17

Permissive parents

Question 18

Parents who don’t set limits and are unresponsive to their children’s needs

Answer 18

Rejecting/neglecting parents

Question 19

Techniques used to teach children appropriate behavior

Answer 19

Discipline

Question 20

Techniques used to eliminate or reduce undesirable behavior

Answer 20

Punishment

Question 21

Different spheres of influence based on the differences that exist between male and female playgroups and affiliations

Answer 21

Gender cultures

Question 22

A pleasurable activity that is actively engaged in on a voluntary basis, is intrinsically motivated, and contains some nonliteral elements

Answer 22

Play

Question 23

Play that involves acting out different social roles or characters

Answer 23

Sociodramatic play

Question 24

The characteristics, emotions, and beliefs people have about themselves, including an understanding that people are unique individuals

Answer 24

Self