Chapter 9 Flashcards
The conscious awareness that you exist as a separate and unique person and that you can affect others
I-self
What you know about yourself and how you describe yourself
Me-self
The ability to control our own thoughts, behaviors, and emotions and change them to meet the demands of the situation
Self-regulation
Tendency of children to report more positive than negative emotions
Positive emotion bias
The tendency of children to associate with others of their same sex
Gender segregation
The understanding that gender remains the same despite superficial changes in appearance or behavior
Gender constancy
Ideas children have about right and wrong
Conscience
Knowing the difference between what is right and wrong and acing on that knowledge
Morality
The ways in which people think about right and wrong
Moral reasoning
The ability to understand the psychological perspectives, motives, and needs of others
Perspective taking
A rule or practice that members of a social group agree to abide by in their behaviors, choices and decisions
Convention
Level of moral reasoning where children do not yet understand that rules are social conventions; children accept the rules of powerful others
Preconventional level
The degree to which parents are accepting, responsive, and compassionate with their children
Parental warmth
The degree to which parents set limits, enforce rules, and maintain discipline with others
Parental control
Parents who are warm and exert firm control
Authoritative parents
Parents who exert firm control but are rejecting or unresponsive to their children
Authoritarian parents
Parents who are warm but have little control over their children
Permissive parents
Parents who don’t set limits and are unresponsive to their children’s needs
Rejecting/neglecting parents
Techniques used to teach children appropriate behavior
Discipline
Techniques used to eliminate or reduce undesirable behavior
Punishment
Different spheres of influence based on the differences that exist between male and female playgroups and affiliations
Gender cultures
A pleasurable activity that is actively engaged in on a voluntary basis, is intrinsically motivated, and contains some nonliteral elements
Play
Play that involves acting out different social roles or characters
Sociodramatic play
The characteristics, emotions, and beliefs people have about themselves, including an understanding that people are unique individuals
Self
