Chapter 6

Question 1

The comfortable feeling that infants gain by clinging to a soft attachment figure

Answer 1

Contact comfort

Question 2

A structured laboratory procedure that is used to observe attachment behavior in human infants

Answer 2

Strange Situation

Question 3

Wariness of fear of unfamiliar adults

Answer 3

Stranger anxiety

Question 4

Distress infants experience when separated from their primary caregivers

Answer 4

Separation anxiety

Question 5

In Ainsworth’s classification system, the healthy type of attachment between an infant and a caregiver. It is indicated when the infant seeks contact with the caregiver, clings and is soothed by the caregiver; and when the infant uses the caregiver as a safe base for exploring unfamiliar environments

Answer 5

Secure attachment

Question 6

Unhealthy type of attachment that is indicated when the infants do not use their caregivers as a safe base for exploring unfamiliar environments, do not prefer the caregiver over unfamiliar adults, and are not visibly distressed by separation. Infants ignore or avoid their caregivers when reunited after separation.

Answer 6

Insecure-avoidant attachment

Question 7

Unhealthy type of attachment indicated when infants seek the proximity of their caregiver but do not seem to gain comfort from the contact

Answer 7

Insecure-resistant attachment

Question 8

Unhealthy type of attachment indicated when infants seem confused or dazed or show contradictory behaviors in the Strange Situation

Answer 8

Insecure-disorganized (or disorientated) attachment

Question 9

A quality of infant care in which caregivers respond quickly and warmly to the baby’s signals and adjust their responses to allow the infant to direct some of the interactions

Answer 9

Sensitive responsiveness

Question 10

Temperament in which a child is primarily positive, smiles easily, is adaptive and flexible, and has regular patterns of eating and sleeping

Answer 10

Easy temperament

Question 11

Temperament in which a child is frequently negative, is easily frustrated, withdraws from new situations, is slow to adapt to change, and shows irregular patterns of eating and sleeping

Answer 11

Difficult temperament

Question 12

Temperament in which a child shows mildly negative responses to new stimuli and situations, is slow to adapt to change, and shows irregular patterns of eating and sleeping

Answer 12

Difficult temperament

Question 13

Temperament in which a child shows mildly negative responses to new stimuli and situations, but with repeated exposure gradually develops a quiet and positive interest

Answer 13

Slow-to-warm-up temperament

Question 14

The degrees to which the child’s temperament and environment are compatible or complementary, leading to better developmental outcomes

Answer 14

Goodness of fit

Question 15

The tendency of the emotional cues displayed by one person to generate similar cues or emotional states in other people

Answer 15

Emotion contagion

Question 16

The tendency of infants and children to look for emotional cues from parents and other caregivers to get information in uncertain situations

Answer 16

Social referencing

Question 17

Emotions that relate to people’s self-images or what people think about themselves; include shame, embarrassment, guilt and pride

Answer 17

Self-conscious emotions

Question 18

Intent eye contact between two people, as when young infants stare at each other

Answer 18

Mutual gaze

Question 19

Okay that evolves mostly around the practice of sensory activity and the development of new motor actions

Answer 19

Sensorimotor play

Question 20

Interaction in which toddler playmates take turns imitating each other and are aware that they are being imitated

Answer 20

Coordinated imitation

Question 21

Play in which children use make-believe and pretend to embellish objects and actions

Answer 21

Symbolic play

Question 22

An emotional tie to a specific other person or people that endures across time and space

Answer 22

Attachment